Epoxy-Based Biocomposites

Cover
Half Title
Epoxy-Based Biocomposites
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
1. Epoxy Resin as Matrix for Polymer Composites: Factors Influencing the Properties of Polymers and Their Composites
	Contents
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Curing of Epoxy Resins
	1.3 Curing Agents
	1.4 Types of Epoxy Resins
		1.4.1 Polynuclear Phenol Epoxy
		1.4.2 DGEBA Epoxy Resins
		1.4.3 DGEBF Epoxy Resins
		1.4.4 TGMDA Epoxy Resins
		1.4.5 Phthalonitrile/Phenolic (PNP) Epoxy Resins
		1.4.6 Bio-Based Epoxy Resins
	1.5 Mechanical Properties
	1.6 Physicochemical Properties
	1.7 Thermal and Electrical Properties
	1.8 Applications
		1.8.1 Adhesives
		1.8.2 Marine Applications
		1.8.3 Automotive Applications
		1.8.4 Aerospace Applications
	1.9 Conclusions
	References
2. Bast Fiber-Based Epoxy Composites
	Contents
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Bast Fibers
	2.3 Classification of Bast Fiber
		2.3.1 Hemp
		2.3.2 Jute
		2.3.3 Flax
		2.3.4 Kenaf
		2.3.5 Ramie
	2.4 Extraction and Processing of Bast Fibers
		2.4.1 Mechanical Extraction Techniques
		2.4.2 Retting Process
		2.4.3 Decortication
		2.4.4 Surface Treatment of Bast Fibers
	2.5 Fabrication of Bast Fiber Epoxy Composites
		2.5.1 Hand Lay-up
		2.5.2 Molding Using a Resin Transfer System
		2.5.3 Compression Molding
	2.6 Properties of Bast Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		2.6.1 Mechanical Properties
		2.6.2 Thermal Properties
		2.6.3 Acoustic Properties
		2.6.4 Moisture Content
	2.7 Merits and Demerits of Bast Fibers
	2.8 Applications of Bast Fiber-Reinforced Composites
	2.9 Conclusion
	References
3. Leaf Fiber-Based Epoxy Composites: Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Sisal-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.3 Henequen-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.4 Abaca-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.5 Banana-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.6 Pineapple-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.7 Moringa Oleifera-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.8 Phormium Tenax Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.9 Arundo Donax L.-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.10 Screw-pine-Based Epoxy Bio-Composites
	3.11 Future Perspective
	3.12 Conclusion
	References
4. Agro Waste-Based Epoxy Composites: Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Agro Waste Fibers
	4.3 Epoxy
	4.4 Agro Waste-Based Epoxy Composites
		4.4.1 Thermal Properties
		4.4.2 Mechanical Properties
	4.5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
5. Grass Fiber-Based Epoxy Composites: Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Fiber Extraction Process
	5.3 Properties of Grass Fibers
		5.3.1 Chemical Properties
		5.3.2 Physio-Mechanical Properties
	5.4 Grass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		5.4.1 Epoxy Resin
		5.4.2 Processing Techniques
			5.4.2.1 Compression Molding
			5.4.2.2 Extrusion Molding
			5.4.2.3 Sheet Molding
			5.4.2.4 Injection Molding
			5.4.2.5 Resin Transfer Molding
	5.5 Properties of Grass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		5.5.1 Mechanical Properties
			5.5.1.1 Tensile Strength
			5.5.1.2 Flexural Strength
			5.5.1.3 Impact Strength
		5.5.2 Thermal Properties
			5.5.2.1 Thermal Conductivity
			5.5.2.2 Thermal Diffusivity
			5.5.2.3 Thermal Degradation
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6. Wood Fibre-Based Epoxy Composites
	Contents
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 Wood Polymer Composites
	6.2 Mechanical Properties of WPCs
		6.2.1 Wood Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		6.2.2 Wood Particulate-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		6.2.3 Hybrid Wood-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	6.3 Morphological Characterization of WPCs
		6.3.1 Wood Particulate-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		6.3.2 Hybrid Wood-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	6.4 Effect of Weathering
		6.4.1 Wood Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		6.4.2 Wood Particulate-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		6.4.3 Hybrid Wood-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	6.5 Biodegradability of WPC
		6.5.1 Wood Particulate-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
		6.5.2 Hybrid Wood-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	6.6 Case Study: Biodegradation of WPCs and Effects on the Thermo- Mechanical Properties
	6.7 Conclusions
	References
7. Palm Fiber-Based Epoxy Composites
	Contents
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	7.3 Date Palm Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	7.4 SPF-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	7.5 Peach Palm Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
8. Natural Fibres-Based Bio-Epoxy Composites: Mechanical and Thermal Properties
	Contents
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Production of Composites Using Bio-Epoxy
	8.3 Use of Natural Fibres in Bio-Epoxy Composites
	8.4 Mechanical Properties of Bio-Epoxy Natural Fibre Composites
	8.5 Thermal Properties of Bio-Epoxy/Natural Fibre Composites
	8.6 Conclusions
	References
9. Natural Fiber/Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composites: Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber/Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composites
	9.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) of Natural Fiber/Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composites
	9.4 DSC of Natural Fiber/Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composites
	9.5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
10. Natural Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites: Thermal, Morphological and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Properties of Natural Fibers
	10.3 Treatments for Enhancing the Properties of Natural Fibers
	10.4 Natural Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
		10.4.1 Kenaf Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
		10.4.2 Banana Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
		10.4.3 Cotton Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
		10.4.4 Sisal Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
		10.4.5 Date Palm Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
		10.4.6 Kapok Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
		10.4.7 Bamboo Fiber-Based Bionanocomposites
	10.5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
11. Nanocellulose as Reinforcement in Epoxy Composites
	Contents
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Cellulose and Derivatives for Application in Composites
		11.2.1 Obtaining Cellulose
		11.2.2 Cellulose Properties
		11.2.3 Cellulose Derivatives
	11.3 Nanotechnology Applied to Epoxy Composites
	11.4 Nanocellulose as a Reinforcing Agent in Epoxy Composites
	11.4.1 Nanocrystals
	11.4.2 Nanofibers
	11.5 Future Perspectives
	11.6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
12. Fatigue Behavior of Natural Fiber-Based Epoxy Composites
	Contents
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Fatigue Test Methods
	12.3 Predictions for Fatigue Life
	12.4 Fatigue Life Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
	12.5 Fatigue Damage Modeling of Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	12.6 Fatigue Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites
	12.7 Fatigue Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	12.8 Nanoparticles-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	12.9 Nanofibers-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
	12.10 3d Woven Fiber-Based Epoxy Matrix Composites
	12.11 Conclusion
	References
13. Epoxy Nanocomposites for Fire-Retardant Applications
	Contents
	Abbreviations
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Organic Nanoparticles
		13.2.1 Graphene
		13.2.2 Carbon Nanotube
	13.3 Inorganic Nanoparticles
		13.3.1 Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH)
		13.3.2 Other Clays
		13.3.3 Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2)
	13.4 Hybrid Composites
		13.4.1 Graphene or CNT-Clay Hybrids
	13.5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
14. Suspension Behaviour of Cornstalk Fibre/Fibreglass/Epoxy Composites Leaf Spring Using Finite Element Analysis
	Contents
	14.1 Introduction
		14.1.1 Composites for Leaf Spring
	14.2 Materials and Methods
		14.2.1 Materials
		14.2.2 Methods
	14.3 Results and Discussion
		14.3.1 Structural Response of Composites Leaf Spring
		14.3.2 Fatigue Behaviour of Composites Leaf Spring
		14.3.3 Modal Analysis
	14.4 Conclusion
	References
15. Natural Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Marine Applications
	Contents
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Natural Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for the Marine Applications
	15.3 Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Marine Applications
	15.4 Thermal Properties of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Marine Applications
	15.5 Conclusion
	References
Index