Epithelial Morphogenesis in Development and Disease (Cell Adhesion and Communication)

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE TO THE SERIES......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 10
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 12
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIA......Page 19
TIGHT JUNCTION-ASSOCIATED PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS......Page 20
OCCLUDIN: A TIGHT JUNCTION-ASSOCIATED INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN......Page 23
MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS......Page 26
REGULATION OF TIGHT JUNCTION FUNCTIONS......Page 28
REFERENCES......Page 29
2.  HEMIDESMOSOMES......Page 34
THE MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF HEMIDESMOSOMES......Page 35
α6 β4 integrin......Page 38
BP180......Page 40
LN5......Page 41
BP230......Page 42
Plectin......Page 43
OTHER HEMIDESMOSOMAL COMPONENTS......Page 44
REFERENCES......Page 45
NOTES ADDED IN PROOF......Page 51
REFERENCES......Page 52
MODEL SYSTEMS......Page 54
Secretory Proteins......Page 55
Basolateral Membrane Proteins......Page 57
GPI-anchored proteins......Page 59
SPHINGOLIPID-CHOLESTEROL RAFTS AND APICAL TRANSPORT......Page 60
TRANSCYTOSIS......Page 62
LIPID SORTING......Page 63
Variant and Mutant MDCK Strains......Page 64
Caco-2 Cells......Page 65
RPE......Page 66
DEVELOPMENT OF POLARITY......Page 67
SORTING IN ENDOSOMES......Page 68
MACHINERY FOR DOCKING AND FUSION......Page 69
APICAL AND BASOLATERAL COGNATE ROUTES......Page 70
TWO CIRCUITS?......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 73
INTRODUCTION......Page 81
PARADIGMS OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODULATION......Page 82
EPITHELIAL GENE REGULATION......Page 83
K18 and K8......Page 84
K1......Page 85
Loricrin......Page 86
E-cadherin......Page 87
Human papillomaviruses......Page 88
ARE THERE EPITHELIAL SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS?......Page 89
SPECIFICITY THROUGH UBIQUITOUS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS......Page 90
CONCLUSIONS......Page 92
REFERENCES......Page 93
The Apical Domain of Epithelial Cells is Adapted to Specific Functions......Page 99
The Microvillar Actin Cytoskeleton of Epithelial Cells......Page 100
Villin......Page 101
Unconventional myosins......Page 102
Ezrin......Page 103
Assembly of the Intestinal Microvilli......Page 104
Villin......Page 105
Ezrin......Page 106
Role of Cell Adhesion in the Generation of an Apical Domain of Epithelial Cells......Page 107
Regulatory Signals in Microvillus Assembly......Page 108
Role of Actin Cytoskeleton in Membrane Protein Regulation......Page 109
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 111
INTRODUCTION......Page 117
Collagen IV......Page 119
Laminins and Nidogen (Entactin)......Page 121
Basement Membrane Proteoglycans......Page 125
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE......Page 127
Basement Membrane-binding Integrins......Page 128
Other Receptors for Basement Membrane Proteins......Page 129
REFERENCES......Page 130
EPITHELIA IN DEVELOPMENT......Page 138
INTRODUCTION......Page 139
FORMATION OF THE FIRST EPITHELIUM, THE CELLULAR BLASTODERM......Page 140
ESTABLISHMENT OF CELL SURFACE POLARITY IN THE DROSOPHILA BLASTODERM......Page 141
MAINTENANCE OF EPITHELIAL CELL POLARITY IN THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO......Page 142
Development of Adherens Junctions in the Drosophila Embryo......Page 143
Crumbs and Stardust mutants exhibit a very similar phenotype......Page 145
Molecular characterisation of the CRUMBS protein......Page 146
SEPTATE JUNCTIONS, DHR-/PDZ-PROTEINS AND EPITHELIAL CELL POLARITY......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 149
INTRODUCTION......Page 152
Cortical rotation and dorsal determinants......Page 154
Wingless (wnt) growth factor family......Page 155
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family......Page 156
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family......Page 157
Wingless (wnt) family......Page 158
Dorsalization......Page 159
Signals emitted from the Spemann organizer......Page 160
The Bmp-4 morphogen and dorsal-ventral antagonism......Page 161
Head organizer......Page 165
Lateral Mesoderm......Page 167
Ventral Mesoderm......Page 168
PROMOTOR ANALYSIS OF TARGET GENES......Page 169
GASTRULATION MOVEMENTS......Page 170
MESODERM INDUCTION: SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE......Page 171
Mesoderm Induction and Dorsal Determinant......Page 172
REFERENCES......Page 173
CADHERINS AND Wnt SIGNALLING......Page 185
THE FUNCTION OF β-CATENIN IN THE CLASS I Xwnt SIGNAL PATHWAY......Page 186
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENDOGENOUS CLASS I Xwnt MOLECULES IN MESODERM FORMATION REMAINS ELUSIVE......Page 191
CROSSTALKS BETWEEN SIGNAL PATHWAYS INFLUENCING β-CATENIN......Page 192
THE COMPETENCE OF CELLS TO RESPOND TO INDUCING SIGNALS DEPENDS ON CELL ADHESION......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
SUMMARY......Page 200
THE ROLE OF SF/HGF AND NEUREGULIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BREAST EPITHELIA......Page 201
OTHER MORPHOGENIC RESPONSES INDUCED BY SF/HGF AND C-MET IN EPITHELIAL CELLS......Page 202
THE ROLE OF HGF/SF AND C-MET IN METASTASIS......Page 203
SF/HGF AND THE C-MET RECEPTOR CONTROL GROWTH AND MOTILITY OF CELLS IN VIVO......Page 204
FGF’S AND THEIR RECEPTORS FUNCTION IN DEVELOPMENT OF EPITHELIA......Page 205
THE C-RET RECEPTOR......Page 206
REFERENCES......Page 207
FIBROBIAST GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS......Page 212
EXPRESSION OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS IN THE DEVELOPING AND ADULT SKIN......Page 213
EXPRESSION OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS DURING WOUND REPAIR......Page 214
TRANSGENIC MOUSE STUDIES TO ASSESS FGF FUNCTION IN THE SKIN......Page 218
Expression of a Dominant Negative FGF Receptor in Suprabasal Layers of the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice......Page 219
FGF-5 Knockout (Hebert et al., 1994)......Page 222
Overexpression of KGF in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice (Guo et al., 1993)......Page 223
EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR IN EMBRYONIC LIVER OF TRANSGENIC MICE (NGUYEN ET AL., 1996)......Page 225
EXPRESSION OF A DOMINANT-NEGATIVE KGF RECEPTOR IN BASAL KERATINOCYTES OF THE EPIDERMIS OF TRANSGENIC MICE (WERNER ET AL., 1994B)......Page 226
KGF Knockout (Guo et al., 1996)......Page 228
REFERENCES......Page 229
BASEMENT MEMBRANE COMPONENTS......Page 236
Distribution of Laminin α1 Chain in the Body......Page 237
Expression of the α1 mRNA......Page 240
Expression of the Laminin α2–5 Chains in the Embryo......Page 241
LAMININ ISOFORMS AND RECEPTORS IN KIDNEY TUBULES......Page 242
Dystroglycan—A Major Laminin Receptor of Kidney Tubules......Page 243
Integrins of Developing Kidney Tubules......Page 244
LAMININ ISOFORMS IN THE DEVELOPING GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT......Page 246
THE ASSEMBLY OF EPITHELIAL BASEMENT MEMBRANES EXTRACELLULARLY......Page 248
REFERENCES......Page 251
RET is a Member of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Superfamily......Page 257
GDNF is a Ligand for RET......Page 258
GDNFR-α Mediates the Interaction between RET and GDNF......Page 259
Expression of RET, GDNF and GDNFR-α During Development......Page 260
THE ROLE OF RET/GDNF SIGNALING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 261
Overview of Kidney Development......Page 265
The absence of RET inhibits ureteric bud growth and branching......Page 266
Defects in the metanephric mesenchyme of RET-deficient mice are secondary to those in the ureteric bud......Page 267
RET/GDNF signaling is required for evagination of the ureteric bud and its subsequent growth and branching......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 269
Epithelial-mesenchymal Interactions......Page 274
TOOTH DEVELOPMENT......Page 275
Molecules Associated with Odontogenic Potential......Page 276
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins......Page 278
Fibroblast Growth Factors......Page 279
Sonic Hedgehog......Page 280
ENAMEL KNOT AS AN EPITHELIAL SIGNALING CENTER......Page 281
The Enamel Knot Resembles Other Embryonic Signaling Centers......Page 282
Enamel Knot May Direct Cuspal Morphogenesis......Page 284
Methodological Aspects......Page 285
Apoptosis in the Invagination of Epithelium......Page 286
Apoptosis in the Disruption of Dental Epithelium......Page 287
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 288
REFERENCES......Page 289
INTRODUCTION......Page 299
DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN43 GENE......Page 301
DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN32 GENE......Page 302
DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN26 GENE......Page 304
DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN46 GENE......Page 305
CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK......Page 306
REFERENCES......Page 307
EPITHELIA IN DISEASE......Page 310
THE PROGRAM OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION......Page 311
KERATIN FILAMENTS: ASSEMBLY INTO 10 NM FILAMENTS......Page 315
GENETIC DISORDERS OF THE EPIDERMAL KERATINS: EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX......Page 316
EPIDERMOLYTIC HYPERKERATOSIS AND OTHER SUPRABASAL DISORDERS OF KERATIN......Page 323
PACHYONYCHYA CONGENITA: A DISORDER OF THE WOUND-HEALING/OUTER ROOT SHEATH KERATINS......Page 324
BEYOND THE SKIN: DELVING DEEPER BENEATH THE BODY SURFACE......Page 325
REFERENCES......Page 326
HUMAN KERATINOCYTE GRAFTS: BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 335
Donor Cell Adhesion and Proliferation In Vitro......Page 337
Clonal Heterogeneity Among Donor Cells......Page 338
CEA at Transplantation: Morphologic and Biologic Profile......Page 339
Attachment to the Wound Bed and Basement Membrane Zone Formation......Page 344
Donor Site-Specific Differentiation of Transplanted CEA......Page 346
(1) Langerhans Cells......Page 347
(2) Melanocytes......Page 348
(3) Merkel Cells......Page 349
Rete Ridge Formation in CEA and Regeneration of Derails from Wound Bed Granulation Tissue......Page 350
Stability of CEA-Derived Skin on Long-term Follow-up......Page 353
CONCLUSIONS......Page 354
REFERENCES......Page 355
ALTERATIONS OF CELL ADHESION INDUCE MODULATION OF EPITHELIAL TRAITS......Page 363
CELL SCATTERING AND MOTILITY FACTORS INDUCE MODULATION OF EPITHELIAL TRAITS......Page 365
SIGNALING PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN CELL SCATTERING......Page 367
A CARCINOMA MODEL......Page 368
CONCLUSION......Page 369
REFERENCES......Page 370
BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE CADHERIN SYSTEM IN CANCER......Page 374
REDUCED EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN......Page 375
GENETIC ALTERATION OF E-CADHERIN......Page 376
GENETIC ALTERATIONS AND REDUCED EXPRESSION OF α-CATENIN......Page 378
GENETIC ALTERATIONS AND TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION OF β-CATENIN......Page 379
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION BETWEEN GROWTH FACTORS AND THE E-CADHERIN CELL ADHESION SYSTEM......Page 380
ASSOCIATION OF C-ERBB-2 PROTEIN WITH C-TERMINAL ARMADILLO REPEATS OF β-CATENIN......Page 382
INHIBITION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENDOGENOUS β-CATENIN AND C-ERBB-2 PROTEIN BY OVEREXPRESSION OF N-TERMINALLY DELETED β-CATENIN......Page 383
CONCLUSION......Page 385
REFERENCES......Page 386
INDEX......Page 390