Environmental rock engineering : proceedings of the First Kyoto International Symposium on Underground Environment, 17-18 March 2003, Kyoto, Japan

Environmental Rock Engineering......Page 2
Table of contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 8
Organization......Page 9
Keynote session......Page 10
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 11
3 TYPES OF MODELLING......Page 12
5 G-T-H-M-C-E MODELLING......Page 13
6 QUALITY ASSURANCE OF INPUT PARAMETERS......Page 14
10 THE CURRENT STATUS OF NUMERICAL MODELLING......Page 16
11 UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABORATORIES......Page 17
REFERENCES......Page 18
2.1 Anisotropy and scale of rock mass......Page 19
2.2 Scale of loading area and moduli of elasticity......Page 21
3.2 Scale of the earth and coefficient of lateral pressure......Page 22
4.1 Scale of cavern and opening displacement......Page 23
4.3 Scale of cavern and the opening displacement ratio......Page 24
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 25
REFERENCES......Page 26
2.1 Some typical coupled problems......Page 27
3.1 Modeling of the flow-stress coupling......Page 28
4.1 Modular approach......Page 29
5.1 T-H-M process in nuclear waste repositories......Page 30
5.2 Effect of underground operations on aquifers......Page 31
5.3 Fault reactivation caused by underground operations......Page 32
REFERENCES......Page 33
2 FRAMEWORK OF THE SYSTEM FOR PRECALCULATION OF QUASI-STEADY STATE CLIMATE IN UNDERGROUND NET WORK......Page 34
3 HISHIKARI MINE 1987......Page 35
4 TOYOHA MINE 1993......Page 36
5 ABOH TUNNEL 1987......Page 40
6 THERMAL ENERGY EXTRACTION THROUGH AN ABANDONED MINE 1994......Page 41
REFERENCES......Page 42
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 44
2.3 Design of facilities......Page 45
3.3 Prediction of Acoustic Emission AE......Page 46
4 LABORATORY TESTS OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS FOR MIU ROCKS......Page 47
5 NUMERICAL UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION TESTS USING FRACOD......Page 48
6.1 Shaft without explicit joints......Page 49
6.3 Gallery without explicit joints......Page 50
7 ASSESSMENT OF SUPPORT......Page 51
8 CONCLUSIONS......Page 52
REFERENCES......Page 53
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 54
3 HIGH-RESOLUTION TILT MONITORING SYSTEM EMPLOYED......Page 55
4 OUTLINE OF TILT MONITORING......Page 56
6 TILT VELOCITY AFTER BENCH-CUT......Page 57
7 EFFECTS OF TORRENTIAL RAIN......Page 60
8 STABILITY OF FINAL SLOPE......Page 61
9 DISCUSSIONS......Page 63
REFERENCES......Page 65
2 OIL AND GAS STORAGE PROJECTS......Page 67
3.1 Visco-elastic finite element analysis......Page 69
3.2 Visco-plastic finite element analysis......Page 70
3.3 Back analysis......Page 72
3.5 Stochastic analysis of rock blocks......Page 73
3.6 Hydrological analysis using a fracture network......Page 74
3.7 Hydrological analysis for an elasto-plastic porous media......Page 75
4 CONCLUSION......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 77
2.1 The variogram......Page 78
3.1 Objectives and methodology......Page 79
3.2 Contour mapping......Page 80
3.5 Geostatistical predictions versus reality......Page 81
4.1 Inequality data......Page 82
5.1 Position of the problem in hydrogeology......Page 83
6.1 Statistical characterization of fracture networks......Page 84
6.3 A hierarchical model for stratabound fractures......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 86
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 88
3 LENGTH SCALES ASSOCIATED WITH FLUID DISTRIBUTION......Page 89
4.1 Effect of Stress on Determining Fracture Heterogeneity......Page 90
4.2 Effect of Fluid Content in a Fracture on Determining Fracture Heterogeneity......Page 91
4.3 Heterogeneity in Fracture Specific Stiffness from Mineral Precipitation......Page 92
REFERENCES......Page 93
Session 1: ? Rock fracture......Page 95
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 96
2.1 Development of shear-flow coupling apparatus......Page 97
2.2 Specimen......Page 100
3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND CONSIDERATION......Page 101
3.2 Validity of Cubic law under shear deformation......Page 102
REFERENCES......Page 103
2 INTRODUCTION OF A NEW DIRECT SHEAR APPARATUS......Page 104
3.1.2 Joint roughness......Page 106
3.2.2 Shear behavior......Page 107
3.3 Hydraulic behavior......Page 109
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 111
2 TEST PROGRAM......Page 112
2.4 Derivation of Fracture Toughness......Page 113
3.3 Fracture Toughness under the Combined Conditions of Elevated Temperature and Confining Pressure......Page 114
4.1 Effect of Increasing Temperature......Page 115
4.3 Combined Effects of Temperature and Confining Pressure......Page 116
REFERENCES......Page 117
Session 2: ? Contamination & barrier......Page 118
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 119
3 MD SIMULATIONS OF HYDRATED SMECTITE......Page 120
4.1 Governing equation and adsorption......Page 121
4.2 Multiscale HA, for porous material......Page 122
5.1 Diffusivity in bentonite and experiments......Page 123
5.2 HA for bentonite......Page 124
REFERENCES......Page 125
2.1 Geological setting and samples......Page 127
3.1 Bulk chemistry and mineral assemblage......Page 128
4.1 Estimation of dissolved minerals......Page 129
4.2 Elution mechanism......Page 130
REFERENCES......Page 131
2 OUTLINE OF THE HAKKODA TUNNEL......Page 133
3 FORMATION OF ACIDIC WATER FROM ALTERD ROCK......Page 134
5.1 Neutralization......Page 135
7.1 The principles for muck disposal and rock evaluation......Page 136
7.2.2 Identification by sulfur content......Page 137
8.1 Concept of controlled muck disposal site......Page 138
9 CHEMICAL FEATURES OF INFILTRATED WATER FROM MUCK DISPOSAL SITES......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 140
Session 3: ? Ground water......Page 141
2.1 Geometric characteristics of discontinuities......Page 142
2.3 Boundary effect......Page 143
3.2 Validation by literature......Page 144
4.1 Representative elemental volume......Page 145
4.4 Existence of a fault......Page 146
5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 148
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 149
2.2 Pressure monitoring in the shallow reservoir......Page 150
3.1 Outline of GFLOW......Page 151
3.3 Simulation step......Page 152
4 DISCUSSION......Page 153
REFERENCES......Page 154
2 METHOD TO GENERATE FRACTURE SURFACES USING A FRACTAL MODEL......Page 155
3.2 Experimental Method......Page 156
3.3 Experimental Results......Page 157
4.2.2 Simulation Results for the Flooding Experiments......Page 158
4.3.2 Results of the Investigation......Page 159
REFERENCES......Page 161
Session 4: ? Underground measurement......Page 162
2 GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL OUTLINES......Page 163
4 DATA ACQUISITION......Page 164
6 DEPTH OF AQUIFER......Page 165
7 DISCUSSIONS......Page 169
REFERENCES......Page 170
2.1 Outline of Kammon Tunnel......Page 171
3.1 Relationship between the ion concentration in the leakage and its flow rate......Page 172
3.3 Possibility of determination of the leakage flow rate through monitoring the conductivity of the leakage......Page 173
4 DISCUSSION......Page 174
REFERENCE......Page 175
2.1 Specimen and outline of testing procedure......Page 176
2.4 Measurements......Page 177
3.2 Observed cracks and located AE sources......Page 179
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 180
REFERENCES......Page 181
Session 5: ? Rock stability 1......Page 182
2 SPECIMENS AND TESTING METHOD......Page 183
3.1 UCS......Page 184
3.4 Young’s modulus......Page 185
5.1 Method......Page 186
6.1 Testing method......Page 187
6.4 Stress corrosion index......Page 188
7.1.2 Viscosity of water......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 190
2.1 Samples and their form......Page 192
3.1 The effect of sample size......Page 193
3.2 The effect of sample shape......Page 195
3.3 The effect of surrounding condition......Page 196
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 197
REFERENCES......Page 198
1 KINETIC APPROACH AND METHOD APPLICATION......Page 199
3 CLASTERS FRACTURE NUCLEI DELINEATION......Page 200
4 RESULTS OF DELINEATION CASE STUDY......Page 201
5 FORECASTING CHARACTERISTICS USING......Page 202
REFERENCES......Page 203
2.1.1 Horizontal inclinometers......Page 204
2.1.3 AGF steel pipe axial force gauge......Page 205
2.2.1 Horizontal inclinometers crown......Page 206
2.2.3 Axial force in AGF steel pipe......Page 207
3.3 Analytical results......Page 209
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 210
REFERENCES......Page 211
2 THEORY......Page 212
3 APPARATUS AND METHOD......Page 213
4.1 Temperature effect......Page 214
4.2 Uniaxial compression test......Page 215
5 DISCUSSION......Page 216
REFERENCES......Page 217
Session 6: ? GIS & geostatistics......Page 219
2.1 Integration of spatial model and GIS......Page 220
3.2 Probability integral method......Page 221
4.1 Criteria for surface damages......Page 223
4.2.1 Membership functions......Page 224
5.1 Determination of panel area from coal output......Page 225
5.2 Case study......Page 226
REFERENCES......Page 227
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 228
2 ALLOCATION RULE OF GEOTECHNICAL RISK IN CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS......Page 229
3.1 General View......Page 230
3.2 Basic Concept of Kriging Method Applied in This Investigation......Page 231
4 RESULTS AND CONSIDERATION......Page 232
REFERENCES......Page 234
2.1 TBM driving data......Page 235
3.2 Estimation of spatial distribution......Page 236
4 PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF THE ROCK PROPERTIES AHEAD OF THE TUNNEL FACE......Page 237
5.2 Prediction of the spatial distribution of rock strength near the faults......Page 238
REFERENCES......Page 240
2 SYSTEM INTEGRATION......Page 241
3.2 Hydraulic model and watershed......Page 242
3.3 Principle of tank model......Page 243
4.1 Mathematical model description......Page 244
5.1 Background......Page 245
5.3 Calculating procedure of groundwater flow......Page 246
5.4 Result......Page 247
REFERENCES......Page 248
2.1 Preparation of sample simulated porous rock......Page 249
3.1 Spatial law of pore distribution......Page 250
3.2 Three-dimensional modeling of pore distribution......Page 252
4 CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS OF PORES......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
Session 7: ? Rock stability 2......Page 255
2 STACKED-DRIFT-TYPE TUNNEL......Page 256
3.1 FLEM-DEM......Page 257
3.2 Numerical modeling......Page 258
4 NUMERICAL RESULTS......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 260
2 FORMULATION......Page 262
3.3 Results of back analysis......Page 264
4 FURTHER STEP OF DATA INTERPRETATION......Page 265
REFERENCES......Page 266
2.1 Basic assumptions......Page 267
2.3 Damage variable......Page 268
4 TESTS AND VERIFICATION......Page 269
REFERENCES......Page 271
2.1 GIS model for joint surfaces......Page 272
3.1 Changes in joint aperture and contact areas as displacement increases......Page 273
3.2 The normal stress in rock joint surfaces......Page 274
REFERENCES......Page 275
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 276
3.2 Lyapunov Spectrum......Page 278
4.1 Embedding......Page 279
4.4 Prediction procedure......Page 280
5.3 Analyses......Page 281
REFERENCES......Page 283
Session 8: ? Seismic monitoring......Page 284
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 285
2.1 Full wave tomography waveform inversion......Page 286
2.3 Maximum phase error......Page 287
3 NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT......Page 288
REFERENCES......Page 290
2.2 Measurement equipment......Page 291
2.4 Power spectrum......Page 292
3.2.2 Damping factor......Page 294
3.3.3 1/3 octave band analysis......Page 295
REFERENCES......Page 297
2 MEASUREMENTS IN THE MOZUMI TUNNEL......Page 298
3 RESULTS......Page 299
5 SUMMARY......Page 300
REFERENCES......Page 301
2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT......Page 302
3 TRAVELTIME TOMOGRAPHY......Page 303
4 VISCOACOUSTIC WAVEFORM INVERSION......Page 304
5 REVERSE-TIME REFLECTION IMAGING......Page 305
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 306
REFERENCES......Page 307
Poster session......Page 308
3.1 Model......Page 309
REFERENCES......Page 312
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 313
3.2 Tectonic features in the northern area......Page 314
4.1 Interplate sedimentary layes......Page 315
REFERENCES......Page 316
2.1 Fundamental theory of seepage......Page 317
3.1 Description of study area......Page 318
3.3.2 Water quality analysis data of site......Page 319
4.1.1 Natural phenomena relevant to long-term stability of geological environment......Page 320
4.1.2 Change in sea level......Page 321
4.2.2 Permeability......Page 322
REFERENCES......Page 323
2 DYNAMIC GROUTING TECHNIQUE......Page 324
3.5 Theoretical consideration......Page 325
5.1 Testing site and injection pattern......Page 327
5.2 Test results......Page 328
5.3 Theoretical consideration......Page 329
5.5 Simulation for finding optimum specification......Page 330
REFERENCES......Page 331
2.1 Disturbed state concept......Page 332
2.4 Constitutive equations......Page 333
4 CALCULATING EXAMPLE......Page 334
REFERENCES......Page 336
2 PRINCIPLE OF STRESS MEASUREMENT......Page 337
3 STRESS ON STRAIGHT H-BEAM......Page 338
4 STRESS ON CURVED H-BEAM......Page 339
5 LOADING TEST......Page 340
7 CONCLUSION......Page 341
REFERENCES......Page 342
2 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPOGRAPLY AND GEOLOGY OF KYOTO BASIN......Page 343
4 THE GROUNDWATER BALANCE......Page 344
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 345
REFERENCES......Page 346
2.1 Air flow in plexiglass particles of different sizes......Page 347
2.2 Consideration to the remediation effect from the observation result......Page 348
4.1 Measurement and analysis......Page 349
REFERENCES......Page 351
2.1 Imaging method......Page 352
3 NUMERICAL SIMULATION......Page 353
4.1 Excavation blasting as seismic source......Page 354
4.2 TBM vibration as seismic source......Page 355
REFERENCES......Page 356
2.1 Laser Doppler Vibrometer LDV and Scanning Mirror Unit......Page 357
3 MAPPING SURFACE ULTRASONIC WAVE FIELDS......Page 358
5 MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY DISPERSION OF LAMB WAVE......Page 359
REFERENCES......Page 361
2 IN-SITU TESTS......Page 362
3.2 Homogenization......Page 363
3.3 Discontinuity improvement......Page 364
REFERENCES......Page 365
2.1 Procedure......Page 366
2.3 Geotomography......Page 367
3.2 Elastic wave tomography......Page 368
3.4 Deformability improvement......Page 369
3.6 Discontinuity improvement......Page 370
REFERENCES......Page 371
2.1 Analysis of application requirements......Page 372
3 SOFTWARE OF SYSTEM......Page 373
4 APPLICATION OF SYSTEM......Page 375
REFERENCES......Page 376
2.2 Basic equations......Page 377
2.3 Boundary conditions......Page 378
3 POROUS MEDIA MODEL WITH DIAGENESIS......Page 379
5 VISUALIZATION OF 3D FLUID FLOW......Page 380
REFERENCES......Page 382
2 METHODOLOGY......Page 383
4 NUMERICAL TESTS......Page 384
5 CONCLUSION......Page 386
REFERENCES......Page 387