Environmental Management in Practice, Volume 3: Managing the Ecosystem

Book Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
List of figures......Page 11
List of tables......Page 13
List of boxes......Page 14
Notes on contributors......Page 16
Preface and acknowledgements......Page 19
List of abbreviations......Page 23
List of units......Page 25
INTRODUCTION......Page 26
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 33
The beach as a system......Page 34
Coastal cells as the basis for CZM......Page 36
The problem posed by human intervention on the beach......Page 37
Coming to terms with processes structuring the coast......Page 39
Coastal protection: the problematic front line of CZM......Page 40
Coastal management approaches......Page 42
Conclusions......Page 44
References......Page 45
Suggested reading......Page 46
Self-assessment questions......Page 47
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT......Page 49
Key elements of ICZM......Page 50
Conclusions......Page 60
References......Page 61
Suggested reading......Page 62
RIVER AND INLAND WATER ENVIRONMENTS......Page 63
Upland rivers......Page 67
Lowland rivers......Page 70
The political dimension of river management......Page 73
Lakes......Page 77
Managing rivers and lakes......Page 81
References......Page 83
Suggested reading......Page 85
WETLANDS......Page 87
Definition and classification......Page 88
Functions, values and benefits......Page 93
Adverse effects of wetland alteration......Page 97
Environmental management......Page 100
Policy guidelines......Page 104
Conclusions......Page 107
Suggested reading......Page 109
Self-assessment questions......Page 110
UPLAND AND MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTS......Page 111
Limitations and opportunities for use......Page 112
Agriculture in the uplands......Page 115
Forestry......Page 119
Other economic activity......Page 122
Recreation......Page 125
Hazards......Page 127
Conclusions......Page 130
Suggested reading......Page 132
SAVANNAS......Page 134
Determining elements of savannas......Page 136
Use and management of savannas, past and present......Page 139
Research......Page 142
Restoration, management and recovery goals;a model for temperate North American oak savannas......Page 143
Recent developments......Page 146
Conclusions......Page 148
Suggested reading......Page 151
DESERT MARGINS: THE PROBLEM OF DESERTIFICATION......Page 153
Sowing the seeds......Page 158
Tipping the balance: drought as a trigger mechanism......Page 160
Reaping the harvest: causes of desertification......Page 163
Management of desertification......Page 167
Increasing doubt and future directions......Page 171
References......Page 173
Suggested reading......Page 175
TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS......Page 176
Ecology of tropical rain forests......Page 177
Managing tropical forests......Page 182
Conclusions......Page 185
References......Page 187
Suggested reading......Page 188
WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT......Page 190
Introduction......Page 191
Characteristics of wilderness and other protected areas......Page 194
Pressures and hazards to wilderness and other protected areas......Page 197
Wilderness management......Page 201
Conclusions......Page 206
References......Page 207
Suggested reading......Page 208
RURAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 210
Differences between rural environments in developed and developing countries......Page 211
Rural environmental problems......Page 212
Management and development of rural environments......Page 219
Conclusions......Page 222
Suggested reading......Page 223
URBAN ENVIRONMENTS......Page 224
The growth of urban areas......Page 225
Differences of environmental problems between developing countries and industrialised countries......Page 228
Some urban environmental problems......Page 229
Environmental management of urban areas......Page 232
Conclusions......Page 236
References......Page 237
Suggested reading......Page 238
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT......Page 239
Broadening environmental management......Page 240
Integrating archaeological heritage in environmental management......Page 244
Is there a future for the past?......Page 249
Conclusions......Page 252
References......Page 253
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPES: LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY......Page 255
Introduction......Page 256
Landscape evaluation......Page 264
Landscape planning and management......Page 266
Conclusions......Page 270
References......Page 273
Suggested reading......Page 274
DISAPPEARING HUMAN ECOSYSTEMS......Page 276
The Tuareg ecosystem......Page 277
Towards destabilization of the Tuareg world......Page 281
Ecosystem of Mixtecos Indians: exclusion or disappearance?......Page 286
General conclusions......Page 289
References......Page 290
Suggested reading......Page 291
Glossary......Page 292
Answers to self-assessment questions......Page 298
Index......Page 301