Environmental Laboratory Exercises for Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry (2004)(1st

Cover......Page 1
Title Page: ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY EXERCISES FOR INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY......Page 3
ISBN 0471488569......Page 4
CONTENTS (with page links)......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 11
TO THE INSTRUCTOR......Page 12
PART 1 PRELIMINARY EXERCISES......Page 14
1 HOW TO KEEP A LEGALLY DEFENSIBLE LABORATORY NOTEBOOK......Page 16
BACKGROUND......Page 20
LINEAR LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS......Page 21
STUDENT’S t TEST'......Page 23
PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTY......Page 26
REFERENCES......Page 29
ASSIGNMENT......Page 30
BACKGROUND......Page 32
ATMOSPHERIC SAMPLING......Page 33
WATER SAMPLING......Page 35
SEDIMENT/SLUDGE SAMPLING......Page 38
IN-SITU ANALYSIS......Page 39
SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND STORAGE......Page 43
PART 2 EXPERIMENTS FOR AIR SAMPLES......Page 44
BACKGROUND......Page 46
THEORY......Page 47
REFERENCES......Page 51
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 52
Equipment and Glassware......Page 53
PROCEDURE......Page 54
Waste Disposal......Page 57
ASSIGNMENT......Page 58
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 59
BACKGROUND......Page 62
THEORY......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 70
Waste Disposal......Page 71
ASSIGNMENT......Page 72
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 73
BACKGROUND......Page 74
THEORY......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 76
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 77
Equipment and Glassware......Page 79
Waste Disposal......Page 80
ASSIGNMENT......Page 81
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 82
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 83
PART 3 EXPERIMENTS FOR WATER SAMPLES......Page 84
BACKGROUND......Page 86
THEORY......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 88
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 89
FAAS Analysis......Page 92
Waste Disposal......Page 93
ASSIGNMENT......Page 94
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 95
BACKGROUND......Page 96
THEORY......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 98
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 99
Glassware......Page 100
GC Conditions......Page 101
PROCEDURE......Page 102
Waste Disposal......Page 103
ASSIGNMENT......Page 104
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 105
THEORY......Page 106
REFERENCES......Page 108
Equipment and Glassware......Page 109
Waste Disposal......Page 110
ASSIGNMENT......Page 111
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 112
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 113
BACKGROUND......Page 114
THEORY......Page 115
REFERENCES......Page 117
Preparation of Standards......Page 118
Optional Procedures......Page 119
Waste Disposal......Page 120
ASSIGNMENT......Page 121
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 122
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 123
PART 4 EXPERIMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE......Page 124
BACKGROUND......Page 126
THEORY......Page 128
REFERENCE......Page 129
GC Settings......Page 130
Week 2: Determining the Composition of Unleaded Gasoline......Page 131
Waste Disposal......Page 132
ASSIGNMENT......Page 133
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 134
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 135
BACKGROUND......Page 136
THEORY......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 139
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 140
Equipment and Glassware......Page 142
Group 1: Copper......Page 143
Group 2: Nickel......Page 144
Group 3: Chromium......Page 145
Solution Preparation......Page 148
Data Collection......Page 149
PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE: DATA COLLECTION SHEET 2......Page 150
PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTES: DATA COLLECTION SHEET 3......Page 152
PRECIPITATION OF METALS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE: DATA COLLECTION SHEET 4......Page 153
Optional Unknown......Page 154
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 155
BACKGROUND......Page 156
REFERENCE......Page 157
Equipment and Glassware......Page 158
Waste Disposal......Page 160
ASSIGNMENT......Page 161
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 162
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 163
BACKGROUND......Page 164
THEORY......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 168
IN THE LABORATORY......Page 169
USEFUL REFERENCES......Page 170
Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and External Standards......Page 171
Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, External Standards, and a Releasing Agent......Page 172
Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the Standard Addition Technique with a Releasing Agent......Page 173
Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the Standard Addition Technique without a Releasing Agent......Page 174
 Determination of Ca Using the EDTA Titration......Page 175
Determination of Ca Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Ion-Specific Electrodes......Page 176
Additional Procedure......Page 177
ASSIGNMENT......Page 178
BACKGROUND......Page 180
REFERENCES......Page 181
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 183
Equipment......Page 184
Preparation of Experimental Solutions in Serum Vials......Page 185
Waste Disposal......Page 186
ASSIGNMENT......Page 187
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 188
PART 5 EXPERIMENTS FOR SEDIMENT AND SOIL SAMPLES......Page 190
BACKGROUND......Page 192
METHODS OF EXTRACTION......Page 193
THEORY......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
Source of Error and Internal Standards......Page 196
PreLab Demonstrations......Page 197
Equipment and Glassware......Page 198
GC Conditions......Page 199
Week 2......Page 200
Results......Page 201
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 202
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 203
BACKGROUND......Page 204
THEORY......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 206
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 207
Equipment and Glassware......Page 208
Week 1......Page 209
Waste Disposal......Page 214
ASSIGNMENT......Page 215
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 216
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 217
PART 6 WET EXPERIMENTS......Page 218
BACKGROUND......Page 220
THEORY......Page 223
REFERENCES......Page 224
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 225
Glassware......Page 226
Waste Disposal......Page 227
ASSIGNMENT......Page 228
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 229
BACKGROUND......Page 230
THEORY......Page 234
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 237
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 238
Equipment and Glassware......Page 239
Seeding......Page 240
Setup and Titration of BOD Samples......Page 241
Waste Disposal......Page 242
ASSIGNMENT......Page 243
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 244
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 245
BACKGROUND......Page 246
REFERENCES......Page 248
Equipment and Glassware......Page 249
Group I: Total (TS), Fixed (FS), and Volatile Solids (VS) (Boxes 1 and 2 in Figure 20-1)......Page 250
Group II: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Volatile Solids (SVS) (Boxes 3 and 4 in Figure 20-1)......Page 251
Group III: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Dissolved Volatile Solids (DVS) (Boxes 5 and 6 in Figure 20-1)......Page 252
ASSIGNMENT......Page 256
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 257
BACKGROUND......Page 258
THEORY......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 262
IN THE LABORATORY......Page 264
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 266
Glassware......Page 267
Waste Disposal......Page 268
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 269
BACKGROUND......Page 270
THEORY......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 272
Chemicals and Solutions......Page 273
Glassware......Page 274
Waste Disposal......Page 275
ADVANCED STUDY ASSIGNMENT......Page 276
DATA COLLECTION SHEET......Page 277
PART 7 FATE AND TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS......Page 278
CLOSED SYSTEMS......Page 280
OPEN SYSTEMS......Page 285
REFERENCES......Page 287
To Print a Graph from Fate......Page 288
BACKGROUND......Page 290
Instantaneous Pollutant Input......Page 291
Mathematical Approach to a Lake System......Page 292
Instantaneous Pollutant Input Model......Page 293
Step Pollutant Input Model......Page 294
REFERENCES......Page 295
To Print a Graph from Fate......Page 296
Instantaneous Pollutant Input......Page 298
Mathematical Approach to a Lake System......Page 300
Step Pollutant Input Model......Page 302
REFERENCES......Page 303
To Print a Graph from Fate......Page 304
BACKGROUND......Page 306
Step Pollutant Input......Page 307
Mathematical Approach to a Lake System......Page 309
Step Pollutant Input......Page 311
REFERENCES......Page 312
To Print a Graph from Fate......Page 313
BACKGROUND......Page 316
STEP INPUT (PLUME MODEL) OF POLLUTANT......Page 322
PULSE INPUT (PUFF MODEL) OF POLLUTION......Page 324
REFERENCES......Page 328
To Print a Graph from Fate......Page 329
BACKGROUND......Page 330
CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GOVERNING FATE AND TRANSPORT EQUATION......Page 332
MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO A LAKE SYSTEM......Page 333
REFERENCES......Page 337
To Print a Graph from Fate......Page 338
APPENDIX A PERIODIC TABLE......Page 340
INDEX (with page links)......Page 342
Back Page......Page 344