Environmental Issues In India A Reader

Cover
Contents
Tables
Preface and Acknowledgements
Introduction
	A Word in Advance
	Changing Present, Changing Pasts
	Many Nations, One Earth
	One Country, Many Voices
	Opportunity or Pandora\'s Box ?
	Of Ecology and Geography
	Notes
	References
Section I: Pre-colonial India
	Introduction
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 1: Climate, a Factor in the Rise and Fall of the Indus Civilization: Evidence from Rajasthan and Beyond
		Phase I (Before 8000 BCE)
		Phase II: Pollen Zone B (c. 8000 BCE-c. 7500 BCE)
		Phase III: Pollen Zone B (c. 75000 BCE-c. 3000 BCE)
		Phase IV: PollenZ one C (c . 3000 BCE- c. 1000 BCE)
			Sub-phase IVa: Pollen subzone CI: c. 3000 BCE-c. 1800 BCE
			Sub-phase IVb: Pollen subzone C2: c. 1800 BCE-1500 BCE
			Sub-phase IVc: c. 1500 BCE—1000 BCE
		Phase V: Early Centuriesce to the Present
		Decline of Indus Civilization: A Fresh Look
		Aridity in the Second Millennium: A Fresh Look
		Note
		References
	Chapter 2: Iron Tools, Forest Clearance and Urbanization in the Gangetic Plains
		Introduction
		Forests of the Gangetic Plains
		Evidence for Intensive Colonization
		Catchment and Exploitation Area of a Settlement
		Requirement of Food Grains
		Land Requirement
		Actual Forest Clearings
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 3: Forests and Settlements
	Chapter 4: The Forest and the Field in Ancient India
		Early Faunal Collapses
		Forests for Elephants
		The Sea of Forests
		References
	Chapter 5: The Great Mughals Go Hunting Lions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 6: Ecology and Traditional Systems of Water Management: 
Revisiting Medieval Rajasthan
		Settlement Geography
		Water Security: A Prerequisite to Habitation
		Vagaries of Monsoon, Irrigation and A griculture
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 7: A Historical Study of the Control of Grass and Fodder Resources in Eighteenth-Century Maharashtra
		Introduction
		How were Biotic Resources Used?
		Power and Control
		Notes
		References
Section II: Colonial India
	Introduction
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 8: Mahatma Gandhi and the Environmental Movement
		Note
	Chapter 9: The Uses of Eccentricity: The Making of Salim Ali
	Chapter 10: Jim Corbett: A Life Story
		The Naturatist
		Notes
		References
Section III: Independent India\'s Environment
	Introduction
		References
	Chapter 11: Agriculture on Spaceship Earth
		Population Growth and Food Supply
		Potential for Further Improvement in Yield
			Marine Fish Production
			Fresh Water Fish Production
		Our Agricultural Assets
			Land Use
			Soil Care and Fertility
		Pollution from Pesticides
		Water Requirements
		Utilization of Sunlight
		Global Ecological Balance
		Dos and Don\'ts
		References
	Chapter 12: The Green Revolution Neill
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 13: Rehabilitating Degraded Lands
	Chapter 14: Common Property Resources and the Rural Poor
		Introduction
		Method and Material
		CPRs and their Contributions to Rural Economy
		CPRs and Rural Poor
			Rural Poor’s Dependence on CPRs
			CPRs as Source of Fuel
			Dependence for Animal Grazing
			Employment Generation
		CPR Product Collection
			Employment Days Through all CPR-based Activities
		Time Allocation
		Follow-up Activities During Involuntary Unemployment
			Income Generation by CPRs
			Reduction in Income Inequalities
		Changing Status of CPRs
			Decline of CPRs
			Privatization and Distribution of CPR Lands21
			Disentitlement of the Poor
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 15: Water Pollution Control: Role of Community and Public Action
		Introduction
		The Government\'s Response
		Case Studies of Public Action
			Gujarat: Campaign to Save the Narmada River
			More Struggles Against the Pollution of the Narmada
		Bichri Village in Rajasthan
		Madhya Pradesh: Pollution of the Betwa River
		Goa: The Nylon Plant Struggle
		The Zuari Agro Chemicals Factory
		Maharashtra: Sterlite Industries
		Delhi: Pollution of the Yamuna
		Karnataka: The Mangalore Refinery
		Andhra Pradesh: Patancheru
		Tannery Pollution in Tamil Nadu
		Some Lessons
			State Policy
		The Media
		Communication and NGOs
		Academia and Research Organizations
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 16: Diara Diary
	Chapter 17: South Asian Pastoralism: The Environmental Question
		Pastoralism and the State
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 18: The New Land Use Policy: People and Forests in Mizoram
		A Review of Past Strategies
			Wet Rice Cultivation
			Terracing
			Diversifying Food Crops
			Horticulture
			Other Perennial Crops
		The New Land Use Policy
			The Jhum Control Project
		Changes in the New Land Use Policy
		The Alternative to Shifting Cultivation
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 19: The Gender and Environment Debate: Lessons from India
		Some Conceptual Issues
			Ecofeminism
		Feminist Environmentalism
		Environmental Degradation and Forms of Appropriation
			Forms of Environmental Degradation
			The Process of Statization
			The Process of Privatization
			Erosion of Community Resource Management Systems
				Population Growth
				Choice of Agricultural Technology and Erosion of Local Knowledge Systems
			Class-Gender Effects
				On Time
				On Income
				On Nutrition
				On Health
				On Social Support Networks
				On Women\'s Indigenous Knowledge
			Responses: State and Grassroots
			Conclusion
			Notes
			References
	Chapter 20: A Great Legacy Dissipated
	Chapter 21: Sacred Groves for the Twenty-First Century
		References
Section IV: Movements and Alternatives
	Introduction
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 22: Ecological Conflicts and the Environmental Movement in India
		The Sites of Struggle
			Introduction
			Forests: For Whom and for what?
			Dams and the Damned
			Struggles in the Sea
			Mines and Misery
			The Polluter Does not Pay Principle
			Conflicts in Context
		Interpreting Indian Environmentalism: Tactics and Theories
			What is the Indian Environmental Movement?
		Organizing for Action
		Communication and Education
		Ecological Restoration
		Ideological Trends in Indian Environmentalism
		First World and Third World Environmentalism
		Note
		References
	Chapter 23: Monumental Folly
	Chapter 24: The Tragedy of Displacement
		Vain Attempts
		Unacceptable Means
		Notes
	Chapter 25: Community, Place and Citizenship
		Note
		References
	Chapter 26: Lessons from the Deluge: Priorities for Multi-Hazard Risk Mitigation
		AWatershed Event
		Driving Forces
		Strategic Vulnerabilities and Risks
		Mitigation Priorities
			National Level
			State Level
			City Level
			Neighbourhood Level
			Private Sector
			Civil Society
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 27: The Tiger and the Honeybee
		Note
		References
	Chapter 28: Empowerment and Disempowerment of Forest Women in Uttarakhand, India
		The Context for Forest Management in Uttarakhand
		Struggles for Local Forest Rights
		Women in Informal Community Forest Management
		Women Appropriating Space within Van Panchayats
		Women-Specific Impacts of VFJM: Livelihoods and Equality
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 29: The Dreams of a Water Warrior
		Note
Section V: Global Issues
	Introduction
		Note
		References
	Chapter 30: Environmentalism and Political Economy
		References
	Chapter 31: Are we Prepared for Another Bhopal?
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 32: Is the Friendly Atom Poised for a Comeback?
		Apocalypse Pending
		Note
	Chapter 33: Global Warming and India
		Notes
		References
Further Readings
The Editor and Contributors
	The Editor
	The Contributors