Environmental Expertise: Connecting Science, Policy and Society

Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction: The Plight of the Environmental Scientist
	1.1 Science and the Environment
	1.2 The Challenges for Environmental Professionals
	1.3 The Book
2 What Is Science? (And Why Does This Matter?)
	2.1 Trust Me, I’m a Scientist
	2.2 The Reputation of Science and Its Uses
	2.3 Science as a Particular Way of Reasoning
	2.4 Science as a Particular Way to Organise Knowledge Creation
	2.5 The Diversity of the Sciences
	2.6 So How Do We Proceed?
3 Frames: Beyond Facts Versus Values
	3.1 What Are Frames?
	3.2 Framing and the Sciences
	3.3 How to Identify Frames in Language
	3.4 Institutional Frames
	3.5 The Nature of Frames
	3.6 The Relevance of Frame Reflection
	Case A Framing Climate Change mike hulme
4 Science, Politics, and the Public in Knowledge Controversies
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Speaking Truth to Power and the Linear Model of Science–Society Relationships
	4.3 Science, Policy, and Politics in Knowledge Controversies
	4.4 Science and the Public in Knowledge Controversies
	4.5 Making Sense of Knowledge Controversies
	4.6 Building Trust
	Case B What Does ‘Climategate’ Tell Us About Public Knowledge Controversies?
	Case C Whose Deficit Anyway? Institutional Misunderstanding of Fracking-Sceptical Publics
5 The Limits to Knowledge
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Different Conceptions of Uncertainty
	5.3 Different Conceptions of Risk
	5.4 Risk Perception and Trust
	5.5 Dealing with Uncertainty in Policy Practices
	5.6 Conceptualising Strategies to Deal with Uncertainty and Risk
	5.7 Conclusion
	Case D Angry Bulbs
6 Usable Knowledge
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 What Do Scientific Experts Do?
	6.3 Characterising Science–Policy Dynamics
	6.4 Strategies to Connect Knowledge Production and Use
	6.5 What Counts as Usable Knowledge?
	6.6 The Importance of Context
	6.7 Starting from Practice and Looking for Impact
	6.8 Credibility, Salience, and Legitimacy
	Case E Expertise for European Fisheries Policy
7 Interdisciplinarity and the Challenge of Knowledge Integration
	7.1 Why Integrate?
	7.2 What Is Interdisciplinarity?
	7.3 Barriers to Knowledge Integration
	7.4 Approaches to Knowledge Integration
	7.5 The Politics of Knowledge Integration
	Case F Knowledge Integration in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
	Case G Integrated Assessment for Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
8 Lay Expertise
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The Value of Lay Expertise
	8.3 What Happens When Different Forms of Knowledge Meet?
	8.4 Knowledge as Situated Practice
	8.5 Participatory Knowledge Production
	8.6 Conclusion
	Case H Lay Expertise and Botanical Science: A Case of Dynamic Interdependencies in Biodiversity Conservation
	Case I The Loweswater Care Project
9 Environmental Experts at the Science–Policy–Society Interface
	9.1 Navigating the Science–Policy–Society Interface
	9.2 Servicing
	9.3 Advocating
	9.4 Diversifying
	9.5 Expert Roles and Dilemmas
	9.6 Ethics and Integrity at the Science–Policy–Society Interface
	Case J Groupthink and Whistle Blowers in CO2 Capture and Storage
10 Environmental Knowledge in Democracy
	10.1 Improving Environmental Knowledge
	10.2 Beyond Technocracy
	10.3 Democratising Environmental Knowledge
	10.4 Democratic Expert Institutions
11 Conclusion: Science, Reason, and the Environment
Index