Environmental Change and Development in Ladakh, Indian Trans-Himalaya (Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research)

Foreword
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction
	References
Chapter 2: Glaciers of Central Ladakh: Distribution, Changes and Relevance in the Indian Trans-Himalaya
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Glacier Distribution in Central Ladakh
		2.2.1 Historical Reports
		2.2.2 Glacier Distribution
		2.2.3 Glacial Lakes
		2.2.4 Glacier Changes and Glacial Lakes in Selected Watersheds and Ranges of Central and Eastern Ladakh
			2.2.4.1 Central Ladakh Range
			2.2.4.2 Stok Range
			2.2.4.3 Kang Yatze Range
		2.2.5 Impacts of Cryosphere Changes on Water Resources and Hazards
	2.3 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Chapter 3: Floods and Debris Flows in Ladakh: Past History and Future Hazards
	3.1 Geological Evidence
	3.2 Floods and Debris Flows in Recorded History
	3.3 Changing Settlement Patterns and Increased Vulnerability
	3.4 Recent Climate Patterns and Future Prospects
	3.5 Reducing Risk or Incubating Future Disasters?
	Appendix: Tentative Chronology of Major Recorded Floods and Debris Flows in Ladakh
	References
		Archival Sources
		Published Sources
Chapter 4: Impact of 2010 Leh Cloudburst: A Psychological Perspective
	4.1 Datasets and Methodology
	4.2 Results and Discussion
		4.2.1 Mental Disorders Faced by the Patients
		4.2.2 Gender of the Psychiatric Patients
		4.2.3 Cause of Distress in Psychiatric Patients
		4.2.4 Age Group of Psychiatric Patients
		4.2.5 Socio-economic Status of Psychiatric Patients
		4.2.6 Status of Psychiatric Patients Two Years After the Disaster
		4.2.7 Psychosocial Support in Leh District
	4.3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: Traditional Mathematical Theories of Rainfall Prediction Through Lotho as Practised in Ladakh
	5.1 Methods of Weather Forecasting
		5.1.1 Modern Methods
		5.1.2 Indigenous Methods
	5.2 History of Tibetan Astro-Science
	5.3 Brief Introduction of the Tibetan Almanac
	5.4 Mathematical Theories of Weather Forecasting
	5.5 Conclusion
	5.6 Suggestions for Future Research
	References
Chapter 6: The Contribution of Czech Researchers to the Botanical Survey of Ladakh
	6.1 General Features
	6.2 History of Botanical Exploration
	6.3 Flora of Ladakh
	6.4 Vegetation
	6.5 Life-Forms
	6.6 Clonality
	6.7 Altitudinal Limit of Vascular Plants
	6.8 Climate Change and Vegetation
	6.9 Nutrient Status of High-Elevation Plants
	6.10 Role of Cushion Plants in High-Alpine Communities
	6.11 Growth Dynamics of Myricaria elegans
	6.12 Anatomy of High-Mountain Plants
	6.13 Microbial Communities and the Soil
	References
Chapter 7: The Adaptations of High-Altitude Mushrooms in the Cold Desert of Ladakh
	7.1 Methodology
	7.2 Fungal Phenology Patterns
	7.3 Substrate Preferences
	7.4 Cold Adaptation Strategies
	7.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8: A Brief Description of Sacred Trees (lhachang)
	8.1 Epilogue
	References
Chapter 9: Environmental Change in Ladakh´s Changthang: A Local, Regional and Global Phenomenon
	9.1 Study Area
	9.2 Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events and Impacts
	9.3 New Forms of Land Use and Impact
		9.3.1 Pasture and Wetland Degradation
		9.3.2 Pollution
		9.3.3 Wildlife Disturbance
	9.4 Waterbird Population Trends as Proxy for Environmental Degradation
	9.5 Sustainability of Ladakh Ecosystems: An Attachment to the Past or an Urgent Priority?
	9.6 Some Perspectives on Sustainability
	References
Chapter 10: Wildlife Versus Livestock: Conservation Dilemma of the Pastoralists of Changthang
	10.1 Pastoralism and Pashmina Production
	10.2 The Wildlife Versus the Livestock of the Changthang
	10.3 Genesis of the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary
	10.4 The Continuing Crisis
	10.5 Opportunities and Risk
	10.6 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Chapter 11: Harnessing Traditional Knowledge for Wildlife Conservation in the Ladakh Trans-Himalaya
	11.1 Study Area
	11.2 Livestock Composition
	11.3 Wild Ungulates
	11.4 Grazing Pattern
	11.5 Livestock Production System
	11.6 Conservation of Wild Ungulates
	11.7 Livestock Management Practices
	11.8 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Chapter 12: Changing Production, Changing Consumption: Food System Transformation in Ladakh
	12.1 Introduction: Food Security in High Mountains
	12.2 Food System Transformation in Ladakh
		12.2.1 Changing Agrarian Practices and Food Production
		12.2.2 Market-Oriented Production and Livelihood Diversification
		12.2.3 Access to Food and Subsidies
	12.3 Dietary Transitions: Changing Preferences and Consumption Patterns
	12.4 Nutrition and Health Outcomes
	12.5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Chapter 13: Eating Habits In and Around Leh Town
	13.1 Methodology
	13.2 Findings and Discussion
		13.2.1 Traditional Food Culture
		13.2.2 Recent External Influence
		13.2.3 Fast Food
		13.2.4 Cooking Methods and Food Preferences
		13.2.5 Health and Dietary Habits
		13.2.6 Promotion of Local Food Crops
	13.3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14: Seeds of Change: A Review of Agricultural Developments in Central Zangskar
	14.1 Zangskar´s Traditional Agricultural Practice
	14.2 Agricultural Change: Productivity and Diversification
	14.3 Agricultural Production, Livelihoods and Imported Foods
	14.4 Environmental Change
	14.5 The Harvest Race
	14.6 Agricultural Futures
	14.7 Postscript, December 2020
	References
Chapter 15: Influences of Tourism, Indian Administration and Army on Community Identity Processes in Padum (Zangskar)
	15.1 Means of Communications with Padum and Zangskar
	15.2 Demography of Padum
	15.3 Administration in Zangskar
	15.4 The Military Presence
	15.5 A Seasonal Activity: Tourism
	15.6 Evolution as Regards Community Membership
	15.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 16: ``We Are Puppets in the Hands of Nature´´: Road Construction and the Transformation of People-Environment Relation...
	16.1 The Ladakhi Landscape: Approach and Concepts
	16.2 Nature Versus Development
	16.3 Building the Road, Constructing the Landscape
	16.4 Consequences of Roads on Mobility and the Landscape
	16.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 17: Trade-off Between Continuity and Change in Leh District: An Emergy Evaluation in Time Series: 1999-2011
	17.1 Materials and Method
		17.1.1 Database
		17.1.2 Methodology
	17.2 Results and Discussion
		17.2.1 Emergy Indices´ Analysis
	17.3 Conclusion
	References
Index