Environmental archaeology in Ireland

Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Dedication......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 9
List of Contributors......Page 11
Introduction......Page 18
 Introduction......Page 44
 History of Radiocarbon Dating in Ireland......Page 45
 Methods......Page 47
 Methodological Summary......Page 57
 Conclusion......Page 66
 References......Page 67
 Introduction......Page 80
 Practicalities of Dendrochronology......Page 83
 Moving From General to Specific Issues......Page 86
 Sapwood Estimation and Preservation......Page 88
 Late and Post Medieval House Structures and Sequences......Page 91
 Early Christian Examples: Nendrum Tidal Mill and Island MacHugh Crannog......Page 98
 Wider Considerations......Page 101
 Longer Distance Connections......Page 106
 Some Point Events–Splitting Up Archaeological Time......Page 108
 Conclusions......Page 112
 References......Page 113
 Introduction......Page 117
 Geographical Distribution and Temporal Range......Page 118
 How do we Detect Tephra in a Sediment Core or Sample?......Page 119
 Preparation for Geochemistry......Page 120
 Recognition of Tephra......Page 121
 Chemical Fingerprinting of Tephras......Page 123
 Type Material and Matching......Page 125
 Tephra for Correlation Between Cores, Between Sample Sites and Between Regions......Page 126
 Tephra as a Chronology......Page 127
 Tephra from Ice Cores......Page 131
 An Example of the Use of Tephra in a Palaeoenvironmental Investigation......Page 132
 References......Page 133
 Introduction......Page 137
 Methodology......Page 140
 Why Study Irish Human Remains?......Page 148
 Conclusions......Page 180
 References......Page 181
 Acknowledgements......Page 197
 Introduction......Page 198
 Methodology......Page 199
 Animal Exploitation in Prehistoric Ireland......Page 200
 Iron Age......Page 230
 Conclusions......Page 235
 References......Page 236
 Abstract......Page 247
 Introduction......Page 248
 Methodological and Taphonomic Considerations......Page 251
 The Evidence: Birds......Page 255
 The Evidence: Fish......Page 266
 Priorities for Future Research......Page 276
 References......Page 278
 Acknowledgements......Page 286
 Introduction......Page 287
 Mesolithic (c. 7000–4000 BC)......Page 294
 Neolithic (c. 4000–2500 BC)......Page 297
 Bronze Age (c. 2500–600 BC)......Page 300
 Iron Age (c. 600 BC–400 AD)......Page 302
 Early Christian (400–twelfth century AD)......Page 304
 Conclusion......Page 309
 References......Page 311
 Abstract......Page 321
 Introduction......Page 322
 Principles and Methods......Page 324
 Practicalities: Sampling and Analysis of Fossil Insect Material......Page 329
 Quaternary Entomology and Climate Change......Page 336
 Quaternary Entomology and Holocene Environmental Change......Page 343
 Rural and Urban Settlement Assemblages......Page 351
 References......Page 359
 Acknowledgements......Page 384
 Abstract......Page 385
 Introduction......Page 386
 A Personal Reflection on Archaeobotanical Studies: Future Perspectives......Page 395
 Conclusion......Page 404
 References......Page 406
 Acknowledgements......Page 417
 Abstract......Page 418
 Introduction to the Study of Wood and Charcoal from Archaeological Sites......Page 419
 History of Wood Identification and Analysis in Ireland......Page 421
 Methodology......Page 423
 Sampling Strategies......Page 424
 Irish Case Studies......Page 428
 Conclusions......Page 439
 References......Page 441
 Acknowledgements......Page 446
 Why Study Plant Macro-remains? A General Introduction......Page 447
 A History of Plant Macro-Remains Research......Page 455
 Selection and Processing of Samples......Page 461
 Scanning, Sorting and Identification......Page 466
 An Irish Case Study: Tracing Agricultural Change at Kerlogue, Co. Wexford......Page 469
 Potential, Prospects and Opportunities......Page 485
 References......Page 486
 Acknowledgements......Page 505
 Abstract......Page 506
 Introduction......Page 507
 A Brief History of Archaeology-Related Pollen Studies in Ireland......Page 511
 Methodologies in Pollen Analysis......Page 515
 The Pollen Record and Archaeology in Ireland: Some Case Studies......Page 521
 Conclusions......Page 532
 References......Page 534
 Abstract......Page 549
 Introduction: The Geological and Geomorphological Context......Page 550
 The History of Alluvial Studies in Ireland......Page 552
 Lakes, Rivers, Bogs and Archaeology......Page 553
 Recent Palaeoenvironmental and Geoarchaeological Studies......Page 556
 Conclusions: The Archaeology of River Valleys and Geoarchaeological Potential......Page 575
 References......Page 576
 Acknowledgements......Page 582
 Abstract......Page 583
 Introduction: Raised Bogs, Palaeohydrology and Climate Change......Page 584
 Previous Palaeohydrological Research in Ireland......Page 586
 Proxy Methods for Palaeohydrological Reconstruction......Page 588
 Case Study: Palaeohydrological Investigations at Lisheen, Co. Tipperary–Palaeohydrological Changes around the Bronze Age Causeway, Killoran 18......Page 592
 Discussion......Page 599
 Conclusions: Observations Regarding the Proxy Records at Derryville......Page 606
 Future Research......Page 610
 References......Page 612
 Abstract......Page 622
 Introduction......Page 623
 History of Research......Page 625
 Environmental Insights into Wetland Environments......Page 630
 Concluding Remarks......Page 647
 References......Page 649
 Introduction......Page 659
 Heritage Legislation in Northern Ireland......Page 660
 Heritage Legislation in the Republic of Ireland......Page 664
 Heritage Legislation and Environmental Archaeology......Page 671
 The Reality of Environmental Archaeology in Ireland......Page 673
 Legislation and Policy Documents Referred to in the Text......Page 677
 References......Page 678