Environmental and Economic Sustainability (Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment)

Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 17
Preface......Page 18
About the Author......Page 20
Crisis–Which Crisis?......Page 21
Cheap Energy, Climate Change, and Poverty......Page 23
A Crisis of Sustainability......Page 24
Do We Want A Sustainable World?......Page 25
Sustainability: Different Perspectives, Different Meanings......Page 26
Words, Thoughts, and Action......Page 27
In the End, Money Rules......Page 28
The Dilemma for Industry......Page 29
Sustainable Decisions for the Twenty-First Century......Page 30
Making Sustainability Relevant to Business and Industry......Page 31
Environmental and Social Economics for Industry......Page 32
The Response of Business......Page 34
Objectives and Structure of the Book......Page 35
Notes......Page 36
Regulations with Power......Page 37
Industry Awakens......Page 38
The Emergence of an Idea......Page 39
Exxon Valdez......Page 40
Sustainable Development Is Born......Page 41
The Triple Bottom Line......Page 42
From Concept to Core Principle......Page 43
An Overview of Global Trends......Page 44
More People, Less to Go Around......Page 45
The Fossil Fuel Industry: An Example......Page 46
The Metrics of Sustainability......Page 47
Food and Poverty......Page 48
Water......Page 50
Biodiversity......Page 56
Climate Change......Page 61
An Unsustainable Course......Page 64
Despite Local Successes, Accelerating in the Wrong Direction......Page 65
Overview......Page 66
The Twentieth-Century Prosperity Explosion......Page 67
The Energy–Climate Problem......Page 68
Eighteenth-Century Economics......Page 69
Twentieth-Century Engineering......Page 70
Twenty-First Century Economics......Page 71
Conclusion......Page 73
Notes......Page 74
The Problem with GDP......Page 79
From Macro to Micro......Page 81
Economic Quantification of Sustainability......Page 82
An Economic Definition of Sustainability......Page 83
An Illustration: The NPV-Internal Rate of Return Trap......Page 84
Approach Overview......Page 86
Framing Workshop......Page 87
Full Social Cost–Benefit Analysis......Page 96
Valuation of Benefits......Page 100
Valuing the Environment and Society......Page 102
Valuation Techniques......Page 103
Greenhouse Gas Emissions......Page 104
Air Pollution......Page 107
Water......Page 109
Biodiversity......Page 111
Using Valuation Data......Page 114
Application of Social Cost–Benefit Analysis in Decision Making......Page 117
Full Environmental, Social, and Economic Life-Cycle Modeling......Page 122
Examples......Page 127
Notes......Page 128
Introduction......Page 133
Water Management in Industry: Overview......Page 134
Background......Page 135
Option Development and Costing......Page 142
Benefits Assessment......Page 147
Costs and Benefits: Base Case......Page 149
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 151
Implications......Page 154
Example: Produced Water Disposal and Groundwater Protection......Page 155
Example: Produced Formation Water Reuse Assessment......Page 157
Background......Page 165
Options Description......Page 166
Option Costs......Page 168
Benefits Assessment and Valuation......Page 170
Proportion of Benefits Realized by Each Option......Page 176
Economic Sustainability Assessment Results......Page 177
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 183
Conclusions and Implications......Page 185
Limitations......Page 186
Overview: Treatment and Discharge of Wastewater......Page 187
Treatment and Discharge Options......Page 188
Benefits......Page 189
Proportion of Benefits Realized by Each Option......Page 191
Assessment Results: Base Case......Page 192
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 196
Notes......Page 198
Introduction......Page 201
Carbon Mitigation Risk......Page 202
Pricing Carbon in Business Decisions......Page 203
Example: GHG Management in the Gas Industry......Page 206
Example......Page 207
Background......Page 209
Options......Page 210
Cost Estimate Basis and Assumptions......Page 211
Benefits Assessment and Valuation......Page 213
Economic Sustainability Assessment Results......Page 214
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 217
Option Selection......Page 221
Implications......Page 222
Notes......Page 223
Sustainability and Energy......Page 225
An Energy Mix for the Future......Page 226
Example: The External Costs of Power Production......Page 227
Introduction......Page 230
Facility Description and Costing......Page 231
Financial Analysis......Page 233
Environmental and Economic Sustainability Assessment......Page 235
Options Description and Costing......Page 238
Benefits Assessment......Page 239
Cost–Benefit Analysis......Page 241
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 244
Decision-Making Implications......Page 247
Summary......Page 248
Notes......Page 249
Introduction......Page 251
Space and Time......Page 252
Remedial Objective......Page 253
Remedial Strategy......Page 254
The Economics of Remediation......Page 255
External Costs of Remediation......Page 256
Benefits of Remediation......Page 258
External Benefits......Page 259
Overview......Page 263
Overview......Page 264
An Overview of Waste Trends......Page 265
Social Costs......Page 266
Social Costs and Landfill Taxes......Page 267
Background and Setting......Page 268
Remedial Approach......Page 269
Cost–Benefit Analysis......Page 270
A Wider Perspective......Page 271
Overview......Page 272
Level of Analysis......Page 275
Remedial Costs......Page 277
Benefits......Page 278
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 282
Discussion......Page 284
Introduction......Page 286
Technical Considerations......Page 287
Background......Page 288
Benefits of Remediation......Page 289
Implications......Page 290
Background......Page 291
Remedial Objective......Page 292
Benefits of Remediation......Page 293
Indicative Remedial Costs......Page 294
Base Case Analysis......Page 296
Sensitivity Analysis and Decision Making......Page 299
Discussion......Page 302
Notes......Page 303
Summary......Page 307
Technology......Page 308
The Necessary Evolution of the Environmental Impact Assessment......Page 309
Revealing the Real Cost of Corruption......Page 310
Now Is the Right Time......Page 311
From Remediation to Prevention......Page 312
Future Value Trends......Page 313
Industry Can Lead the Way and Benefit in the Process......Page 314
Notes......Page 315