Environment, Climate, and Social Justice

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Environment, Climate, and Social Justice: Interdisciplinary Voices from the Global South
	1 Organization and Summary of the Chapters
	References
Climate and Social Justice: Role for Social Work
The Social and Economic Implications of Environmental Justice for the Elderly: A Case for Social Work Interventions in the Caribbean
	1 Introduction
	2 Social Implications for Environment Justice
	3 The Soroptimist International (SI) Barbados-Village and Hildegarde Activity Centre
	4 Environmental Gerontology in Latin America and the Caribbean
	5 Environment and Aging
	6 Physical and Social Adjustments to Environmental Change
	7 Areas of the Social Sphere that Impacts Elderly Persons
		7.1 Accessibility
		7.2 Safety
		7.3 Control
		7.4 Privacy
		7.5 Stimulation
		7.6 Maintenance
	8 The Economic Implications of Environmental Justice Issues
	9 Inequity/Inequality
	10 Location and Proximity
	11 Social Inequity
	12 Zoning, Land Use, and Gentrification
		12.1 Zoning and Rezoning
		12.2 Land Use and Gentrification
		12.3 Health and Well-Being
		12.4 Environmental and Social Exclusion
		12.5 Employment
	13 The Protection of the Elderly Through Caribbean Legislation
	14 The Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging (MIPAA) (2002)
	15 San Jose Charter on the Rights of Older Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean (2012)
	16 Legislation Governing Social Protection Programmes for the Elderly in Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago
	17 Economic Interventions for Caribbean Environmental Injustice Issues Faced by the Elderly
		17.1 Legislative Equity
		17.2 Collaborative Work with Environmental Statutory Bodies
		17.3 Social Equity
		17.4 Rebranding of Housing Properties
		17.5 Cultural and Environmental Inclusion
	18 Conclusion
	References
The Human-Nature Nexus: A Sustainability Framework for Social Work?
	1 Introduction
	2 Social Work and Justice
	3 Climate Change and Social Work
	4 Sustainability Framework
	5 Sustainable Social Work Practice
	6 Conclusion
	References
Disaster Injustice in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh: In Quest of Local Actors-Driven Recovery Intervention
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Disaster Recovery Intervention of Local Actors
	4 Discussion
	5 Policy Implications and Conclusions
	References
Governance, Policy Advocacy and Legal Activisms in the Global South
Advancing Climate Justice in Africa: A Survey of Civil Society Capacities, Geopolitical Trust, and Policy Advocacy
	1 A PACJA Primer
	2 Organizational Scope and Capacities
		2.1 Present Impacts of Climate Change
		2.2 Geographic Scope
		2.3 Scope of Issues Addressed
	3 The Trust Gap
	4 Emissions Reductions
	5 New and Sufficient Finance
	6 Transfers of Technology
	7 Policy Advocacy and Engagement
	8 Scope of Reform
	9 Fairness in Global Emissions Reductions
	10 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Development of Community-Owned Renewable Energy (CORE) in South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Community-Ownership Models
	3 A CORE Project Usually Includes One of the Following (IRENA Coalition for Action, 2020a)
	4 South African CORE Experience
	5 Exploring Community-Owned Renewable Energy Status and Implementation
	6 Opportunities and Challenges in CORE Projects
	7 Conclusion
	References
The Impact of Climate Change on the Gender Security of Indigenous Women in Latin America
	1 Introduction and Aims
	2 Gender Security
	3 Climate Change Impacts in Latin America
		3.1 Biodiversity in Latin America
	4 Indigenous Women in Latin America and Mesoamerica
	5 Dual Socio-environmental Vulnerability and Extractivism
	6 Top-Down Possible Efforts to Reduce Increasing Climate Disasters
	7 What Is Happening with Gender Security, Especially in Indigenous Societies?
	8 A HUGE-Security Approach Against Climate Change
	9 Resilience Among Vulnerable People: Living Well
	10 Conclusion
	References
Reflections of the Climate Justice Framework in Public Policies: The Bangladesh Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 The Methodological Considerations of the Study
	3 The Concept and Connotations of Climate Justice: An Overview
	4 Evolution of the Concept of Climate Justice
	5 The Key Milestones: UNFCCC and the Climate Justice Agenda
	6 Exploring Climate Justice: Towards an Analytical Framework
		6.1 Distributive Justice
		6.2 Procedural Justice
		6.3 Compensatory Justice
	7 The Bangladesh Perspective: Discourse Analysis of Key Policies
		7.1 BCCSAP 2009
		7.2 NPDM 2021–2025
		7.3 SOD 2019
	8 Epilogue
	References
Climate Risks in an Unequal Society: The Question of Climate Justice in India
	1 Introduction: Climate Change and Its Urgency
	2 Climate Change, Inequity and Climate Justice: A Brief Account of the Global Actions and Legislations
	3 India’s Policy and Actions in Response to Natural Disasters and Climate Change
	4 The Climate Injustice of Extreme Events: Two Cases from India
	5 Kerala Floods: The Many Climate Injustices and the Complications of Plans and Policies
	6 Case 2: Climate Extreme Events in Odisha: Climate Action Plans and Complacency
	7 Conclusion
	References
Litigating for Climate Justice–Chasing a Chimera?
	1 Introduction
	2 Climate Justice
	3 International Concern and Legal Frame for Climate Law and Justice
	4 Climate Litigation in Different Legal Systems
		4.1 Climate Justice Litigation in the United States
		4.2 Climate Justice Litigation in the United Kingdom:
		4.3 Climate Litigation in the Philippines, South Africa, and Pakistan
		4.4 Climate Litigation in India
	5 Conclusions
	References
Protected Areas as a Catalyst for Environmental Sustainability, Social Justice, and Human Development: Lessons from South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Integrating Conservation and Development: A Theoretical Construct
	3 Conservation and Social (In)Justice in South Africa: A Paradoxical History of Protected Areas, Exclusions, and Inequalities
	4 Restoring Historical Injustices: Integrating Conservation with Human Development at South African National Parks
	5 Benefit-sharing from Conservation and the Promotion of Environmental and Social Justice in South Africa
	6 Harvesting Resources in Protected Areas
	7 Case Study: Grass Harvesting at the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
	8 A Note on Grassland Ecosystems
	9 About GGHNP as Protected Area
	10 The Neighbouring Communities of the Park
	11 The Grass-Harvesting Programme in GGHNP
	12 Restoring Social Injustices of the Past: Lessons Learned from New Conservation Initiatives by National Parks
	13 Conclusion
	References
Critical and Social Movement Perspectives from the Global South
Indigenous Environmental Movements of Eastern India: Seeing Through Henri Lefebvre’s Spatial Lens
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodological and Theoretical Framework
	3 Lefebvre’s Conception of Space
	4 Defining Tribal Communities in the Indian Context: A Short Historical Overview
	5 Structural Change as Structural Strain During Colonial Period
	6 Ecology as a Social Structure
	7 Environmental Movements of the Indigenous Populations for Claiming Their “space”: Two Cases from Jharkhand and Odisha
		7.1 Case 1: Niyamgiri Movement in Odisha
		7.2 Case 2: Koel–Karo Movement in Jharkhand
	8 Conclusion
	References
Can the Global South Count on the U.S. Climate Movement? Support for Compensatory Climate Justice Among U.S. Climate Change Protesters
	1 Compensatory Climate Justice
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Analysis and Discussion
		3.1 Gender
		3.2 Race and Ethnicity
		3.3 Income
		3.4 Education
		3.5 Political Ideology
		3.6 NYC 2014 Versus DC 2017
	4 Conclusion
	References
Eco-Feminisms in Theory and Practice in the Global South: India, South Africa, and Ecuador
	1 Introduction
	2 Eco-Feminist Scholarship and Activism
	3 Eco-Feminism in India
	4 Eco-Feminist Groundings in South Africa
	5 Ecuadorian Eco-Feminism Sets Global Trends
	6 Conclusion
	References
Hydraulic Fracturing as an Environmental and Social Justice Issue in South Africa
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Hydraulic Fracturing as an Environmental and Social Justice Issue
	3 Contextualizing Shale Gas Development and Hydraulic Fracturing in South Africa
	4 The Recognition Injustices Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing in South Africa
	5 The Procedural Injustices Caused by Hydraulic Fracturing in South Africa
		5.1 The Lack of Rigorous Exploration and Testing Processes
		5.2 The Lack of Active and Just Public Participation and Consultation in Decision-Making
		5.3 The Lack of Access to and Provision of Information and Knowledge of Fracking in South Africa for All Stakeholders
		5.4 The Undermining and Inconsideration of Human and Legal Rights
	6 The Distributional Injustices Caused by Hydraulic Fracturing in South Africa
		6.1 The Unjust Distribution of Job Creation
		6.2 The Unjust Distribution of Environmental Burdens, Harm, and Degradation of Natural Resources
		6.3 The Unjust Distribution of the Benefits of Energy Security
		6.4 The Unjust Distribution of Social Change
		6.5 The Unjust Effect of Fracking Hindering Efforts Toward Managing Climate Change
	7 Conclusion and the Way Forward
	References
Land Acquisition and a Question of “Justice”: Voices of the Unheard Marginal Groups in the Interior Odisha, India
	1 Introduction
	2 The Land Acquisition Acts of India—A Brief Overview
	3 The Marginalization of the Already Marginal Groups of Odisha: Interlinks Among Mining, Land Alienation, and the Denial of Community Rights
	4 Research Sites and Methodology
	5 A Brief Profile of the Study Villages and Respondents
	6 Findings and Discussions
	7 Continued Distress and Despair
	8 The Question of Social Justice to the Marginal Groups
	9 Alienation of Women from CPRs and Social Injustice
	10 The Question of Environmental Justice of the Marginal People
	11 Conclusion
	References
Climate Change, Conflict, and Prosocial Behavior in Southwestern Bangladesh: Implications for Environmental Justice
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Context and Locations
		2.2 Study Tools and Techniques
	3 Findings: Climate Change and Social Relationships in Southwestern Bangladesh
		3.1 Disaster and Intergroup Relationships
		3.2 Explanations for Changes in Intergroup Relationships
		3.3 Changes in Family and Kinship Relationships
		3.4 Explanations for Changes in Family and Kinship Relationships
		3.5 Changes in Community Relationships
		3.6 Explanations for Change in Community Relationships
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Ecological Justice in Post-COVID-19 Politics: The Role of Affective Ecologies and Amazonian Indigenous Ontologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Ecological Justice and Political Practice
	3 Affect Theory and the Emergence of Affective Political Ecology
	4 Indigenous Ontologies and Post-COVID-19 Politics
		4.1 Indigenous Ontologies as a Guide for Post-COVID-19 Relations
		4.2 Integrating Indigenous Ontologies into Political Enactment
	5 Discussion: The Natural Ethics
	6 Conclusions
	References