Entrepreneurship in Power Semiconductor Devices, Power Electronics, and Electric Machines and Drive Systems

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Author
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship and Company Startup
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Entrepreneurship and Its Parts and Functions
	2.3 Business Idea
	2.4 Technology
	2.5 Products
	2.6 Manufacturing of Products
	2.7 Market and Scope for the Products
	2.8 Product Testing
		2.8.1 Functionalities
		2.8.2 Adherence to Standards
		2.8.3 Testing
		2.8.4 Certification
	2.9 Capital (Funding) Sources for Startup
		2.9.1 Institutional Investors
			2.9.1.1 Venture Capital Funds
			2.9.1.2 Finance Companies
			2.9.1.3 Venture Arms of Established Companies
			2.9.1.4 University Venture Funds
			2.9.1.5 Philanthropic Charity Foundation Entrepreneurship Funds
			2.9.1.6 Government Grants
		2.9.2 Non-institutional Funds
			2.9.2.1 Self (own)
			2.9.2.2 Family
			2.9.2.3 Friends
			2.9.2.4 Crowd Source
			2.9.2.5 Angel Investors
			2.9.2.6 High Networth Individuals (HNIs)
	2.10 Business Organization
		2.10.1 Company Incorporation
		2.10.2 Selection of Company Location
		2.10.3 Selection of Attorney Services
		2.10.4 Recruitment of Leadership Team
		2.10.5 Recruitment of Engineering and Other Team Members
		2.10.6 Selection of Chartered Public Accountant
	2.11 Business Plan
	2.12 Perspective for the Founders
	2.13 Discussion Questions
	2.14 Exercise Problems
	References
Chapter 3 Introduction to Power Semiconductor Devices and Power Electronics
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Power Semiconductor Devices
		3.2.1 Diodes
		3.2.2 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
		3.2.3 Thyristor Family
		3.2.4 MOSFET
		3.2.5 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
		3.2.6 Silicon Carbide Power Devices
		3.2.7 Gallium Nitride (GaN) Power Devices
		3.2.8 Future
	3.3 Major Power Converters
		3.3.1 Dc to dc Power Conversion
			3.3.1.1 Step-Down (Buck) Converter
			3.3.1.2 Step-Up (Boost) Converter
			3.3.1.3 Step-Down/-UP (Buck Boost) Converter
		3.3.2 Dc to ac Converters
			3.3.2.1 Single-Phase Half-Wave Inverter
			3.3.2.2 Single-Phase Full Wave Inverter
			3.3.2.3 Inverter Control
			3.3.2.4 Three-Phase Inverter (2 Level)
			3.3.2.5 Multilevel Inverters
			3.3.2.6 Resonant Converter Circuits
		3.3.3 Ac to Dc Power Converters
			3.3.3.1 Uncontrolled Rectification
			3.3.3.2 Controlled Rectification
		3.3.4 Direct ac to ac Conversion
			3.3.4.1 Cycloconverter
			3.3.4.2 Matrix Converter
	3.4 Applications
		3.4.1 Active Power Filter
		3.4.2 Solar and Grid Interface
		3.4.3 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
		3.4.4 DC Power Supplies
		3.4.5 Motor Drives
		3.4.6 Future in Applications
	3.5 Exercise Problems
	3.6 Class Projects
	References
Chapter 4 Entrepreneurship in Power Semiconductor Devices
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Objectives of the Study
	4.3 Semiconductor Power Devices
		4.3.1 GaN Devices
			4.3.1.1 Wide-Bandgap Materials
			4.3.1.2 Depletion Mode GaN
			4.3.1.3 Enhancement Mode GaN FET Structure and Its Operational Characteristics
			4.3.1.4 Cascode (with the D-Mode GaN) Structure and Its Operational Characteristics
			4.3.1.5 Targeted Applications
		4.3.2 Silicon Carbide Devices
			4.3.2.1 SiC Material and Its Advantages
			4.3.2.2 Normally-On JFET
			4.3.2.3 Normally-Off JFET
			4.3.2.4 SiC MOSFET
			4.3.2.5 Targeted Applications
		4.3.3 Market
	4.4 Gallium Nitride Device Entrepreneurship
		4.4.1 Avogy, Inc
		4.4.2 Cambridge Electronics, Inc
		4.4.3 Efficient Power Conversion Corporation
		4.4.4 Exagan
		4.4.5 Flosfia, Inc
		4.4.6 GaN Power International, Inc
		4.4.7 GaN Systems
		4.4.8 MicroGaN GmbH
		4.4.9 Navitas Semiconductor
		4.4.10 NexGen Power Systems, Inc
		4.4.11 Nitronex Corporation
		4.4.12 Transphorm, Inc
		4.4.13 VisIC Technologies
	4.5 SiC Devices and Related Startup Companies
		4.5.1 Anvil Semiconductors
		4.5.2 Arkansas Power Electronics International (APEI)
		4.5.3 Ascatron
		4.5.4 GeneSiC Semiconductor, Inc
		4.5.5 SemiSouth Laboratories, Inc
		4.5.6 United Silicon Carbide, Inc
	4.6 Device Control Oriented Entrepreneurship
		4.6.1 Amantys
		4.6.2 General Observations on Startups in Power Devices
	4.7 Exercise Problems
	4.8 Class Projects
	References
Chapter 5 Entrepreneurship in Power Electronics
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Control Circuits
		5.2.1 Powervation Ltd
	5.3 Solid-State Circuit Breaker
		5.3.1 Atom Power
	5.4 Microgrids, Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS)
		5.4.1 Technology
		5.4.2 Market for Home Solar Power System
		5.4.3 Startups
			5.4.3.1 Mera Gao Power
			5.4.3.2 Me SOLshare Ltd
			5.4.3.3 Cygni Energy
			5.4.3.4 Zola Electric
			5.4.3.5 AlphaESS
			5.4.3.6 Electriq Power
			5.4.3.7 Geli
			5.4.3.8 Sunverge Energy
			5.4.3.9 Bboxx
	5.5 Mobile Power Platforms
		5.5.1 Multicon Solar AG
		5.5.2 FreeWire
	5.6 Battery Energy Storage Systems
		5.6.1 Advanced Microgrid Solutions
		5.6.2 Greensmith Energy Management System
		5.6.3 Stem
	5.7 Grid Edge Power Electronic Systems
		5.7.1 Introduction
		5.7.2 Technology of Grid Edge Control with Power Converters (Mainly Inverters)
		5.7.3 Market Scope
		5.7.4 Startups
			5.7.4.1 GridBridge
			5.7.4.2 Gridco Systems
			5.7.4.3 Varentec
			5.7.4.4 Smart Wires
			5.7.4.5 Envelio
			5.7.4.6 Faraday Grid
	5.8 Charging of EVs
		5.8.1 Introduction to Power Transfer Schemes for Charging
			5.8.1.1 Conductive Power Transfer for Charging
			5.8.1.2 Wireless Power Transfer for Charging
			5.8.1.3 Market Potential for EV Chargers
		5.8.2 Startups
			5.8.2.1 ChargePoint
			5.8.2.2 Wiferion
			5.8.2.3 Momentum Dynamics
			5.8.2.4 WiTricity
	5.9 Low-Power Plug-In and Wireless Chargers
		5.9.1 FINSix
		5.9.2 PowerSphyr
	5.10 Conclusion
	5.11 Discussion Questions
	5.12 Exercise Problems
	5.13 Class Projects
	References
Chapter 6 Introduction to Electric Machines and Drive Systems
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 Electrical Machines and Their Classification
	6.2 PM Synchronous and Brushless DC Machines
		6.2.1 Radial Flux Machines
		6.2.2 Circumferential Flux Path Machines
		6.2.3 Axial Flux Machines
		6.2.4 Model of the PM Synchronous Machine
		6.2.5 PM Brushless DC Machine and Its Control
	6.3 Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM)
		6.3.1 Description of Machine
		6.3.2 Principle of Operation
		6.3.3 Converters
		6.3.4 Control of SRM
	6.4 Discussion Questions
	6.5 Exercise Problems
	References
Chapter 7 Entrepreneurship in Electric Machines and Drive Systems
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Present and Future Market Size
		7.2.1 Market for PM Motors
		7.2.2 Market for SR Motors
		7.2.3 Market for Power Electronic Converters
		7.2.4 Controllers
	7.3 PM Motor Drive Startups
		7.3.1 Axiflux
		7.3.2 Linear Labs, Inc
		7.3.3 Magnax
		7.3.4 YASA
		7.3.5 Guina ePropulsion
		7.3.6 QM Power
	7.4 Thermal Cooling Technology Based Electric Motor Startups
		7.4.1 Zero E Technologies
		7.4.2 LC Drives, Inc
	7.5 Printed Circuit Stator-Based Motor Startups
		7.5.1 ECM Software and Technology
		7.5.2 Infinitum Electric
	7.6 Electric Aircraft Based Motor Drive Startup
		7.6.1 Magnix
	7.7 Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Startups
		7.7.1 Panaphase Technologies
		7.7.2 ePower Motors ApS
		7.7.3 Ramu, Inc
		7.7.4 Software Motor Corporation
	7.8 Electrostatic Machines
		7.8.1 C-Motive Technologies
	7.9 Conclusion
	7.10 Discussion Questions (Beware: The Discussion May Lead to Innovations and Possible Startup Ideas!!)
	7.11 Projects
	References
Chapter 8 Conclusions
Index