Entrepreneurship in Africa: Context and Perspectives

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of contributors
About the authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I: The basics
	1. The African environment for entrepreneurship
		A history of entrepreneurship in Africa
		Scope and types of enterprises
		The environment for African entrepreneurs
			The political environment
			The economic environment
			Sociocultural environment
			Legal and regulatory environment
			Technological environment
		Summary
		Review questions
	2. Theories of entrepreneurship
		Why does theory matter?
		The first attempts to study entrepreneurship
		Defining entrepreneurship
		What do we know about entrepreneurship?
		The big picture
			The big picture—part I—income levels
			The big picture—part II—economic structure
			The big picture—part III—institutions
			The big picture—a coda—change
		The mid–levels—industry
		The day–to–day—part I—discovering and creating entrepreneurial opportunities
		The day–to–day–part II—exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities
		From the West to the East and South—entrepreneurship theories from emerging economies
		What do we know about entrepreneurship in Africa?
		What don’t we know about entrepreneurship?
		Summing it all up
		Review questions
PART II: Birth
	3. Mindset, capabilities, and goals
		Personality traits
			What about creativity?
		Entrepreneurial motivations
			The role of passion
		What skills are necessary?
		An entrepreneurial mindset
		Education and training
			The role of gender
			Do culture and the environment matter?
		Summary
		Review questions
PART III: Growth
	4. Financing the venture
		Sources of startup funding
			Self-funding
			Family members and friends
			Debt financing
			Equity financing
			Grants
			Microfinance
			Angel investors
			Crowdfunding
			Venture capital
			Kiva person-to-person lending
			Innovative financing approaches in Africa
			Informal financial systems
		Financing business operations and growth
		Managing the venture’s finances
		Evaluating the venture’s financial health and performance
			Profitability analysis
		Summary
		Review questions
	Appendix to Chapter 4: an example of a chart of accounts for a small business
		Assets
		Liabilities
		Owner’s equity (total assets minus total liabilities)
		Income
		Expenses
	5. The marketing imperative
		The marketing mix
		Customer segments
			Application exercises
		Targeting and positioning
		Entrepreneurial versus traditional marketing
		Marketing in Africa
		Summary
		Review questions
	6. Operations and supply chain management
		Managing operations and supply chain management
		Major decision areas in operations and supply chain management
		Productivity measurement
		Continuous improvement
		Summary
		Review questions
	7. Managing networks and teams
		Networks
			The strength of weak ties
			Strong and weak ties combined
			Structural holes
			Network density, diversity, and social frontiers
		Social networks: Individual/environment interface
		Entrepreneurial teams
		Summary
		Review questions
	Appendices to Part III: Business plans and pitch decks
		Business plan template
PART IV: Maturity
	8. Next steps
		Managing growth and expansion
			Growth and expansion strategies
		Entrepreneurial failure
		Entrepreneurial exit
			Environmental conditions in Africa that increase entrepreneurial exit propensity
			Benefits of entrepreneurial exits
			Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and managing overconfidence
		Summary
		Review questions
PART V: Special topics on African entrepreneurship
	9. African women entrepreneurs
		Radioxity media
		Introduction
		Peculiarities of the African context
		Motivations and opportunity recognition/risk perception
		Funding
			Personal savings
			Family investment
			Community initiatives
			Loans
		Challenges
			Discrimination and gender bias/stereotypes
			Illiteracy
			Lack of/insufficient information about microfinancing options
			Bureaucratic processes
			Inadequate/poor infrastructure
		Performance of female-owned enterprises in Africa
		Opportunities
			Growing use of internet and mobile phones
			International opportunities
			Growing campaign for locally made materials
		Policy implications
		Practical implications for women entrepreneurs in Africa
		Conclusion
	10. Entrepreneurial opportunities in real estate development
		Introduction
		Real estate development entrepreneurs
		African international/national developers
		Real estate investment trusts
		Necessary conditions for REITs
		Land markets in established cities
		New towns avoiding stalemate
		Developing in Abuja
			Land acquisition
			Joint ventures
			Legal issues
		Summary
	11. Understanding entrepreneurs: A focus on youth
		OYO Rooms
		MnM clothing line
		What makes a good entrepreneur?
			Entrepreneurial self-efficacy
			Achievement motivation/Need for achievement
			Risk propensity
			The big 5 personality traits
			Creativity
		Youth entrepreneurship
		Contextualizing traits
		Summary
	12. Technologies enabling entrepreneurship in Africa
		Introduction
		The African context
			Technologies impacting the entrepreneurship process
			Emerging themes
		Summary
Index