Entrepreneurial Responses to Chronic Adversity: The Bright, the Dark, and the in Between

Entrepreneurial
Responses to Chronic
Adversity
	Preface
	Contents
	List of Figures
	1 Making Do with the Resources at Hand to Improve One’s Life and Others’ Lives
		Introduction
			Inclusive Growth
			Creative Problem Solving Under Resource Scarcity
		Our Context—Jugaad in Rural India
			Stimulating Creativity: Experiencing Adversity
			From a Knowing Perspective
			To Problematize the Situation
			Jugaad: Creative Problem Solving
			Dual Impact of Jugaad
		Discussion
			Implications
			Conclusion
		References
	2 Entrepreneurs Alleviating Poverty Through Educating Their Children
		Introduction
			Poverty as Context
			Entrepreneurship and Poverty Alleviation
			A Slum Entrepreneurship Approach to Alleviating Poverty
			The Purpose of Slum Entrepreneurship: Sacrificing the Self for One’s Children
			Slum Conditions Creating Strong (Not Weak) Communities
			Slum Communities Facilitating Entrepreneurial Success
			Slums and Entrepreneurs’ Health
			Slum Entrepreneurs and Their Children’s Educational Attainment
			A Model of Slum Entrepreneurs’ Poverty Alleviation
		Implications
			Conclusion
		References
	3 Refugee Entrepreneurs Building and Displaying Resilience
		Introduction
		Theoretical Background
		Findings
			The Refugee Context of Substantial and Persistent (Objective) Adversity
			Refugees Acting Entrepreneurially to Overcome Constraints
			Acting Entrepreneurially Facilitates Refugees’ Integration Efforts
			Refugee Entrepreneurs’ Resilience Outcomes
			Reciprocal Relationships
			Entrepreneurial Action and Resilience to Substantial and Persistent Adversity
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
	4 Women Entrepreneurs Flourishing or Languishing at the Bottom of the Pyramid
		Introduction
		Theoretical Background
			Women’s Entrepreneurship at the Base of the Pyramid
			Entrepreneurship Training and the Development of Psychological Capital
			Psychological Capital and Well-Being
		Context
		Findings
			Shared Trajectories Before Venture Creation
			An Entrepreneurship Program and Flourishing
			An Entrepreneurship Program and Languishing
			Diverging Trajectories After Venture Creation: The Nature of Expectations
			Differences in Expectations: Work Experience and Family Support
			A Model of Women Entrepreneurs Flourishing or Languishing
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
	5 Personal Adversity and Justifying Illegal and Costly Entrepreneurial Action
		Introduction
		Theoretical Background
			Destructive and Necessity Entrepreneurship
			Unethical Behavior and Moral Disengagement
		Context
		Findings
			Personal Adversity
			Outcomes of Entrepreneurial Action
			Justifying Entrepreneurial Action That Causes Harm to Others
		Discussion
			Implications for Practice
			Conclusion
		References
	6 An Entrepreneurial Process for Exploiting Vulnerable People’s Labor
		Introduction
		Theoretical Background
			Entrepreneurial Process of Human Exploitation
			Social Cognitive Theory and Loss of Agency
			Entrapment
		Context
			The Entrepreneurial Process of Human Trafficking in the Sex Industry
		Findings
			Deceptive Recruiting of the Vulnerable
			Entrapping Through Isolation
			Eliminating Alternatives by Building Barriers
			Converting the Exploited to Exploiters
		Discussion
			Conclusion
		References
	7 Corruption as Corporate Entrepreneurship
		Introduction
		Background
		Context
		Findings
			Ventures Promoting Corruption Within a Government Organization
			Anti-corruption Efforts as New Sources of Opportunities for Bribery
		A Micro-level Demand-Side Model of Bribery
			Bribery Within Government Organizations
			Agents Brokering Bribery
		Discussion
			Conclusion
		References
	Index