Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modelling, Communication and Analysis

Foreword to the Fourth Edition
Foreword to the Third Edition
Foreword to the Second Edition
Foreword to the First Edition
Preface
	Audience
	Overview of the Book
	Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction to Enterprise Architecture
	1.1 Architecture
	1.2 Enterprise Architecture
	1.3 The Architecture Process
	1.4 Drivers for Enterprise Architecture
		1.4.1 Internal Drivers
		1.4.2 External Drivers
	1.5 Summary
Chapter 2: State of the Art
	2.1 Enterprise Architecture and Other Governance Instruments
		2.1.1 Strategic Management
		2.1.2 Business Model Development
		2.1.3 Business Architecture
		2.1.4 Quality Management
		2.1.5 IT Governance
		2.1.6 IT Service Delivery and Support
		2.1.7 IT Implementation
	2.2 Architecture Methods and Frameworks
		2.2.1 The IEEE 1471-2000/ISO/IEC 42010 Standard
		2.2.2 The Zachman Framework
		2.2.3 The Open Group Architecture Framework
		2.2.4 OMG´s Model-Driven Architecture
		2.2.5 Other Frameworks
	2.3 Description Languages
		2.3.1 IDEF
		2.3.2 BPMN
		2.3.3 UML
		2.3.4 Architecture Description Languages
		2.3.5 Suitability for Enterprise Architecture
	2.4 Service-Oriented Architecture
		2.4.1 Service-Oriented Technologies
		2.4.2 Relevance and Benefits for Enterprise Architecture
Chapter 3: Foundations
	3.1 Getting to Grips with Architectural Complexity
		3.1.1 Compositionality
		3.1.2 Integration of Architectural Domains
	3.2 Describing Enterprise Architectures
		3.2.1 Observing the Universe
		3.2.2 Concerns
		3.2.3 Observing Domains
		3.2.4 Views and Viewpoints
		3.2.5 Ways of Working
		3.2.6 Enterprise Architecture Models
	3.3 Pictures, Models, and Semantics
		3.3.1 Symbolic and Semantic Models
		3.3.2 Symbolic Models
		3.3.3 Semantic Models
		3.3.4 Semantics in ArchiMate Versus UML
	3.4 Summary
Chapter 4: Communication of Enterprise Architectures
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 System Development as a Knowledge Transformation Process
		4.2.1 System Development Community
		4.2.2 System Development Knowledge
		4.2.3 Explicitness of Knowledge
		4.2.4 Transformations of Knowledge
	4.3 Conversation Strategies
	4.4 Architectural Conversations
		4.4.1 Knowledge Goals
		4.4.2 Conversation Techniques
	4.5 Summary
Chapter 5: A Language for Enterprise Modelling
	5.1 Describing Coherence
	5.2 Service Orientation and Layering
	5.3 Three Dimensions of Modelling
	5.4 Full Framework
	5.5 Composite Concepts
	5.6 Motivation Concepts
		5.6.1 Stakeholder, Driver and Assessment
		5.6.2 Goal, Requirement, Constraint and Principle
		5.6.3 Value and Meaning
	5.7 Strategy Concepts
		5.7.1 Defining Capabilities
	5.8 Business Layer Concepts
		5.8.1 Business Structure Concepts
		5.8.2 Business Behaviour Concepts
		5.8.3 Higher-Level Business Concepts
	5.9 Application Layer Concepts
		5.9.1 Application Structure Concepts
		5.9.2 Application Behaviour Concepts
		5.9.3 Business-Application Alignment
	5.10 Technology Layer Concepts
		5.10.1 Technology Structure Concepts
		5.10.2 Technology Behaviour Concepts
		5.10.3 Application-Technology Alignment
	5.11 Physical Concepts
	5.12 Implementation and Migration Concepts
		5.12.1 Implementation-Related Concepts
		5.12.2 Migration Planning Concepts
	5.13 Relations
	5.14 Language Customisation Mechanisms
		5.14.1 Adding Attributes to ArchiMate Concepts and Relations
		5.14.2 Specialisation of Concepts
	5.15 Modelling Example
	5.16 Capabilities, Business Functions and Organisation Structure
	5.17 Post-Merger IT Rationalisation
		5.17.1 New Digital Customer Intimacy Strategy
	5.18 Transformation Roadmap
	5.19 Summary
Chapter 6: Combining ArchiMate with Other Standards and Approaches
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Business Motivation Model
	6.3 Balanced Scorecard
	6.4 Business Model Canvas
	6.5 Value Map
	6.6 Customer Journey Map
	6.7 Service Blueprint
	6.8 BPMN
	6.9 Business Logic
	6.10 UML
	6.11 SysML
	6.12 Entity-Relationship Model
	6.13 TOGAF
	6.14 Summary
Chapter 7: Guidelines for Modelling
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 The Modelling Process
		7.2.1 Modelling as a Transformation Process
		7.2.2 Basic Modelling Activities
		7.2.3 Types of Modelling Actions
	7.3 Guidelines for Modelling
		7.3.1 Before You Start
		7.3.2 What to Capture in a Model?
		7.3.3 Modelling and Abstraction
		7.3.4 Structuring Models and Visualisations
		7.3.5 Constructive Use of Modelling Breakdowns
	7.4 Readability and Usability of Models
		7.4.1 Reducing the Visual Complexity of Models
		7.4.2 Representation Conventions
	7.5 Summary
Chapter 8: Viewpoints and Visualisation
	8.1 Architecture Viewpoints
		8.1.1 Origin of Viewpoints
		8.1.2 Architecture Viewpoints
		8.1.3 Viewpoint Frameworks
	8.2 Models, Views, and Visualisations
		8.2.1 Example: Process Illustrations
		8.2.2 Example: Landscape Maps
	8.3 Visualisation and Interaction
		8.3.1 Actions in Views
	8.4 Creating, Selecting, and Using Viewpoints
		8.4.1 Classification of Viewpoints
		8.4.2 Guidelines for Using Viewpoints
		8.4.3 Scoping
		8.4.4 Creation of Views
		8.4.5 Validation
		8.4.6 Obtaining Commitment
		8.4.7 Informing Stakeholders
	8.5 Basic Design Viewpoints
		8.5.1 Introductory Viewpoint
		8.5.2 Organisation Viewpoint
		8.5.3 Actor Cooperation Viewpoint
		8.5.4 Business Function Viewpoint
		8.5.5 Product Viewpoint
		8.5.6 Service Realisation Viewpoint
		8.5.7 Business Process Cooperation Viewpoint
		8.5.8 Business Process Viewpoint
		8.5.9 Information Structure Viewpoint
		8.5.10 Application Cooperation Viewpoint
		8.5.11 Application Usage Viewpoint
		8.5.12 Application Behaviour Viewpoint
		8.5.13 Application Structure Viewpoint
		8.5.14 Technology Viewpoint
		8.5.15 Technology Usage Viewpoint
		8.5.16 Implementation and Deployment Viewpoint
		8.5.17 Physical Viewpoint
	8.6 Motivation Viewpoints
	8.7 Strategy Viewpoints
		8.7.1 Capability Map Viewpoint
	8.8 Implementation and Migration Viewpoints
	8.9 Combined Viewpoints
	8.10 ArchiMate and TOGAF Viewpoints
	8.11 Summary
Chapter 9: Architecture Analysis
	9.1 Analysis Techniques
	9.2 Quantitative Analysis
		9.2.1 Performance Views
		9.2.2 Performance Analysis Techniques for Architectures
		9.2.3 Quantitative Modelling
		9.2.4 Quantitative Analysis Technique
	9.3 Functional Analysis
		9.3.1 Static Analysis
		9.3.2 Dynamic Analysis
	9.4 Risk Analysis
	9.5 Portfolio Analysis
	9.6 Capability Analysis
	9.7 Summary
Chapter 10: Architecture Alignment
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 The GRAAL Alignment Framework
		10.2.1 System Aspects
		10.2.2 The Aggregation Hierarchy
		10.2.3 The System Process
		10.2.4 Refinement Levels
		10.2.5 Comparison with Other Frameworks
	10.3 Alignment Phenomena
		10.3.1 Service Provisioning Layers
		10.3.2 Infrastructure Architecture
		10.3.3 Business System Architecture
		10.3.4 Strategic Misalignment
		10.3.5 Conway´s Law
		10.3.6 The FMO Alignment Pattern
	10.4 The Architecture Process
		10.4.1 Methods
		10.4.2 IT Governance
	10.5 Summary
Chapter 11: Tool Support
	11.1 Reasons for Enterprise Architecture Tooling
	11.2 The Architecture Tool Landscape
	11.3 Tool Infrastructure
	11.4 Workbench for Enterprise Architecture
		11.4.1 Model Integration
		11.4.2 Viewpoint Definition
		11.4.3 Transparency and Extensibility
		11.4.4 Software Architecture
		11.4.5 Exchange Formats
		11.4.6 Workbench at Work
	11.5 View Designer Tool
		11.5.1 Viewpoint Rules for Creating Views and Visualisations
		11.5.2 Defining Actions in Models and Views
		11.5.3 Interactive Visualisation
		11.5.4 Example: The Landscape Map Tool
		11.5.5 Comparison with Model-View-Controller Architecture
	11.6 Impact-of-Change Analysis Tool
	11.7 Quantitative Analysis Tool
	11.8 Commercial Tool Support for ArchiMate
	11.9 Summary
Chapter 12: Case Studies
	12.1 Process and Application Visualisation at ABP
		12.1.1 ABP Meta-model
		12.1.2 Case Essentials
		12.1.3 Concepts
		12.1.4 Viewpoints
		12.1.5 Design of the Visualiser
		12.1.6 Case Study Results
	12.2 Application Visualisation at ABN AMRO
		12.2.1 CITA Meta-model
		12.2.2 Case Essentials
		12.2.3 Concepts
		12.2.4 Visualisation
		12.2.5 Tool Design and Results
	12.3 Design and Analysis at the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration
		12.3.1 Case Essentials
		12.3.2 Views
		12.3.3 Performance Analysis
		12.3.4 Case Study Results
	12.4 Summary
Chapter 13: Beyond Enterprise Architecture
	13.1 The World Before Enterprise Architecture
	13.2 The Advent of Enterprise Architecture
	13.3 The Business Ecosystem
Appendix: Graphical Notation
References
Trademarks
Index