English Academic Writing: A Guide for the Humanities and Social Sciences

Frontmatter
	Cover
	Imprint
	Contents
	Acknowledgments
	Explanatory notes for readers
Introduction: Seven pillars of academic writing
1‍ Creativity and constraints: Planning research texts
	1.1 Research genres
		1.1.1‍ ‍Genres, structures and hierarchies
		1.1.2‍ ‍Hierarchical organisation in research texts
	1.2‍ ‍The research story and its parts
		1.2.1‍ ‍The abstract
		1.2.2‍ The beginning: Setting the scene
		1.2.3‍ ‍The middle: Developing the plot
		1.2.4‍ ‍The ending: Rounding it all off
	1.3‍ Text appeal
2 ‍One step at a time: Designing paragraphs
	2.1‍ The essence of English paragraphs
	2.2‍ ‍The components of a paragraph
		2.2.1‍ ‍The topic sentence
		2.2.2‍ ‍The ‘meaty’ middle
		2.2.3‍ ‍The final sentence
	2.3‍ ‍Paragraph appeal
3 ‍Focus and flow: Constructing sentences
	3.1‍ ‍Sentence types
		3.1.1‍ The simple sentence
		3.1.2‍ ‍The complex sentence
		3.1.3‍ ‍Subordinate clauses
	3.2‍ ‍Principles of sentence construction
		3.2.1‍ ‍The ‘given-new’ principle
		3.2.2‍ End focus
	3.3‍ ‍Passive sentences
	3.4‍ ‍Sentence appeal
		3.4.1‍ Getting the verb-noun balance right
		3.4.2‍ ‍Varying sentence structure
4‍ Breath marks: Punctuation
	4.1‍ ‍Why punctuation matters
	4.2‍ ‍What punctuation marks signal
		4.2.1‍ ‍Suggesting ‘stops’
		4.2.2‍ ‍Suggesting ‘detours’
		4.2.3‍ ‍Suggesting ‘pauses’
	4.3‍ Commas: sometimes a question of style
		4.3.1‍ ‍Where style plays little part
		4.3.2‍ ‍Where style comes in
5‍ Only connect: Cohesion
	5.1‍ General principles of cohesion and coherence
	5.2‍ ‍Cohesion within paragraphs
		5.2.1‍ ‍Semantic chains
		5.2.2‍ ‍Pronouns
		5.2.3‍ ‍Linkers
		5.2.4‍ ‍Structural devices
	5.3‍ ‍Cohesion beyond the paragraph
6‍ ‍Your words, not mine: Citations
	6.1‍ ‍What to cite and how much
	6.2‍ ‍Types of citations
		6.2.1‍ ‍Direct versus indirect citations
		6.2.2‍ ‍Integral versus non-​integral citations
	6.3‍ ‍Weaving citations into the text
	6.4‍ ‍Inadvertent plagiarism and how to avoid it
7‍ Follow me: Guiding and persuading the reader
	7.1‍ ‍Showing the reader the way: Metacomments
	7.2‍ ‍Getting the reader on your side
		7.2.1‍ ‍Reasoning
		7.2.2‍ ‍Emphasising
		7.2.3‍ ‍Evaluating
		7.2.4‍ ‍Rapport-building
Appendix 1 Conference presentations
	A1.1	The audience, or ‘pity the listener’
	A1.2	The purposes
	A1.3	Language considerations
	A1.4	Text slides
Appendix 2 Grant proposals
Appendix 3 Phrasebank for academic writing
Backmatter
	List of references
	Index