Engineering Physics and Mechanics: Analyses, Prediction and Applications (Engineering Tools, Techniques and Tables)

ENGINEERING PHYSICS AND MECHANICS: ANALYSIS, PREDICTION AND APPLICATIONS......Page 2
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
Introduction......Page 14
1.1. General State of the Problem and Main Objectives of the Project......Page 17
Main Conclusions......Page 21
1.2. The Development of New Approaches......Page 22
2.1. The Execution of the General Thermodynamic Analysis......Page 31
2.2. Selection of Working Substances Taking into Account ThermophysicalProperties......Page 34
2.2.1. Vapour Pressure......Page 36
2.2.3. Volumetric Heat Capacity......Page 38
2.2.4. Viscosity......Page 39
2.2.5. Heat Transfer Factor......Page 40
2.2.6. Pressure Drop Factor......Page 41
2.3.1.1. Main Heat-and-Mass Transfer Apparatuses of Alternative System......Page 43
2.3.1.2. Heat Exchangers for Alternative Systems......Page 44
2.3.2.1. Wave Flow of a Viscous Liquid Thin Layer Along the Flat Vertical SurfaceHaving Regular Roughness......Page 49
2.3.2.2. The Flow of Viscous Liquid Thin Layer Along the Longitudinally-CorrugateSurface with Regular Roughness (RR)......Page 54
2.3.2.3. The Stability of Separated Two -Phase Flow in the Flat Channel of the HMTAwith a Regular Packing Bed......Page 56
2.3.2.4. Experimental Study of Film Flows in Heat-and-Mass Transfer Apparatuses......Page 60
2.3.3.1. Experimental Equipment and Research Program......Page 68
2.3.3.2. Hydrodynamic Characteristics......Page 72
2.3.3.3. Heat-and-Mass Transfer in the System......Page 74
2.3.4.1. Direct Evaporative Cooling (DEC/CTW)......Page 77
2.3.4.2. Simulation of Working Processes in IEC......Page 86
2.3.5. Simulation of Working Processes in the Air-Solution Contactor (Pre-Dehumidification of Air by Liquid Absorbent and Solar Regeneration ofAbsorbent)......Page 87
2.3.6.1. Heliosystem with Natural Circulation of the Heat Carrier......Page 90
For The Solar Collector......Page 97
The equation of the movement is......Page 98
2.3.6.2. Heliosystem with Forced Circulation of the Heat Carrier......Page 99
3.1. Modeling of Working Processes in Alternative Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Systems (The Design Procedure)......Page 105
3.2. Analysis of the Results Obtained......Page 112
3.3. Description and Technico-Economic Characteristics of a Pilot Plant......Page 124
Basic Conclusion......Page 147
Nomenclature......Page 149
Subscripts......Page 150
References......Page 151
Abstract......Page 160
Introduction......Page 161
General Mathematical Formulation of Problems......Page 162
1. The Bridgman-Stockbarger Method......Page 164
1.1.1. Radial Segregation of Dopant......Page 165
1.1.2. Longitudinal Segregation of Dopant......Page 173
2. Floating Zone Method......Page 177
2.1.1. Statement of Problem......Page 182
2.1.2. Results of Calculations......Page 183
2.1.2.1. Flow Instability and Dopant Microsegregation......Page 185
2.1.2.2. Dopant Macrosegregation......Page 190
2.2.1. Brief Historical Survey......Page 193
2.2.2. Statement of Problem......Page 194
2.2.3. Results of Investigation......Page 195
2.2.3.1. Floating Zone Method......Page 196
2.2.3.2. Ampoule Methods......Page 204
2.3. Floating Zone Method with Surface Standing Waves......Page 208
2.3.1. Analytical Model of Surface Standing Waves......Page 210
2.3.2. Stability of Thermocapillary Convection under the Action of Surface StandingWaves......Page 214
2.3.2.1. Results of Calculations......Page 215
2.3.3. Use Surface Standing Wave and Axial Static Magnetic Field under CrystalGrowth by the Floating Zone Method......Page 223
II. Electrophoretical Separation of Biomixtures......Page 229
2.1. Statement of the Problem and Method of Numerical Solution......Page 230
2.2.1. Zone Electrophoresis......Page 233
2.2.2. Continuous Flow Electrophoresis......Page 235
2.2.3. Isoelectric Focusing......Page 237
2.2.4. Hydrodynamic Instability of Biocomponent Jet......Page 239
Conclusion......Page 241
References......Page 242
Abstract......Page 250
1.1. Approaches to Modeling Non-isothermal Interaction Kinetics during CS......Page 251
1.2. Brief Review of Diffusion-Based Kinetic Models of CS......Page 255
2. Modeling Diffusion-Controlled Formation of TiC in theConditions of CS......Page 256
2.1. Scenario 1: Growth of a TiC Case on the Titanium Particle Surface......Page 258
2.2. Scenario 2: Growth of a TiC Layer on the Surface of Solid CarbonParticles......Page 259
2.3. Diffusion Data for TiC......Page 260
2.4. Temperature of the Reaction Cell in the SHS Wave......Page 261
2.6.1. Analytical Solution to Scenario 1......Page 262
2.6.2. Results of Calculations for Scenario 1......Page 263
2.7. Rupture of the Primary TiC Shell......Page 265
2.8.1. Analytical Solution to Scenario 2......Page 266
2.8.2. Results of Calculations for Scenario 2......Page 267
2.8.3. Displacement of the C/TiC Interface in the “Emptying-Core” Mechanism......Page 268
2.8.4. Product Porosity in the “Emptying-Core” Mechanism......Page 269
2.9. Analysis of the “Shrinking-Core” Mechanism in the Ti-C System......Page 271
2.10. Phase-Formation-Mechanism Map for Non-isothermalInteraction in the Ti-C System......Page 272
3. Interaction Patterns in the CS of Nickel Monoaluminide......Page 275
3.1.1. Physical Background......Page 278
3.1.2. Quasi-Isothermal Submodel......Page 281
3.1.3. Non-isothermal Submodel......Page 283
3.2. Sequence of Calculations......Page 285
3.3.1. Densities of Phases......Page 286
3.3.2. Interdiffusion Parameters in NiAl......Page 287
3.4.1. Evolution of the Phase Layers......Page 289
3.4.2. Estimation of Critical Heating Rates......Page 294
3.5. Phase-Formation-Mechanism Map for Non-isothermal Interactionin the Ni-Al System......Page 296
4. Conclusion......Page 299
References......Page 300
Abstract......Page 308
1.1. Nonlinear System Identification (NSI) of Large Structure-DamperSystems......Page 309
1.3. Outline of Book......Page 310
2.1. Introduction......Page 311
2.2.1. Bingham Model......Page 313
2.2.2. Polynomial Model......Page 314
2.2.3. Bouc-Wen Model......Page 315
2.2.4. Modified Bouc-Wen Model......Page 316
2.3.3. Inverse Bouc-Wen Model......Page 318
2.4. Concluding Remarks......Page 319
3.2.1. Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) ARX Model......Page 320
3.2.2. MIMO ARX Model......Page 321
3.3.1. Membership Functions (MFs) and Fuzzy Sets......Page 323
3.3.3.1. Mamdani Fuzzy Model......Page 324
3.3.3.2. TS Fuzzy Model......Page 326
3.4. A Set of MIMO ARX TS Fuzzy Models......Page 327
3.5.1. Fuzzy C-means Clustering......Page 329
3.5.2. Subtractive Clustering......Page 330
3.6. Weighted Least Squares......Page 331
4.2. Design Framework......Page 333
4.2.1. TS Fuzzy Model......Page 334
4.2.2. Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC)......Page 335
4.2.3. Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs)......Page 336
4.3.1. Stability Conditions......Page 337
4.3.2. LMI Formulation of Stabilizing Control......Page 339
4.3.3. LMI Formulation of Pole-Assignment Control......Page 340
4.4.1. State Estimator......Page 342
4.4.2. Clipped Algorithms......Page 344
5.2. DSNFC System......Page 346
5.2.1. Concept of Decentralized Control......Page 347
5.2.2. DSNFC......Page 348
6.1. Introduction......Page 349
6.2.1. A 3-Story Building Structure......Page 350
6.2.2. An Integrated 3-Story Building-MR Damper System......Page 354
6.3. An 8-Story Building Structure Equipped with MR Dampers......Page 356
6.4. A 20-Story Building Structure......Page 359
6.4.1.Properties of 20-Story Building Model......Page 360
7.1. Summary of Concluding Remarks......Page 363
7.2. Future Research......Page 364
Appendix B......Page 365
Appendix C......Page 366
Appendix D......Page 367
References......Page 368
Abstract......Page 374
Notation......Page 375
Subscripts......Page 379
1. Basic Equations, Boundary and Conjugation Conditions forProblems of Heat Transfer in Granular Beds on the Basisof a Two-Temperature Model......Page 380
Boundary Conditions......Page 381
Conjugation Conditions......Page 384
2. The Thermal Conductivity of a Granular Bed......Page 386
Coefficients of Conductive-Convective Thermal Conductivity of the Phases......Page 387
Coefficient of Radiative Thermal Conductivity of the Bed Skeleton......Page 388
Coefficients of Effective Thermal Conductivity of the Bed......Page 391
3. Heat Transfer in an Infiltrated Granular Bed at ModerateReynolds Numbers......Page 394
Local-Porosity Distribution Near the Wall......Page 395
Models of Flow in the Granular Bed......Page 396
Model of Flow in the Wall Zone......Page 397
Calculation of Flow in the Wall Region......Page 398
Comparison with Experimental Data......Page 400
Heat Transfer Model......Page 402
Calculation of Thicknesses of the Filtration Thermal Boundary Layer andThermal Sublayer......Page 405
Analysis of the Theoretical Model......Page 406
Formulation of the Problem......Page 411
Reduction to Dimensionless Form......Page 412
Resistance of the Granular Bed in the Isothermal Case......Page 413
Resistance of the Granular Bed (General Case)......Page 416
5. Steady Heat Transfer Processes in a Heat Generating GranularBed at Different Heat Release Distributions......Page 419
Quasi-Homogeneity Criterion......Page 428
6. Filtrational Cooling of a Heat Generating Granular Bed in thePresence of a First-Order Phase Transition......Page 431
Basic Assumptions......Page 432
Equations of the Evaporative-Cooling Model......Page 433
Integral Relations......Page 434
Parameters of the Evaporative-Cooling Model......Page 437
Numerical Simulation of the Process of Filtrational Evaporative Cooling......Page 438
Formulation of the Problem......Page 442
Dimensionless Form......Page 444
Analysis of the Results Obtained......Page 446
Conclusion......Page 449
References......Page 450
Introduction......Page 454
Discussion......Page 455
Conclusion......Page 481
References......Page 482
Introduction......Page 486
Description of Model Approaches......Page 487
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculation Procedure......Page 488
Kinetic Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis......Page 489
Secondary Chemical Reactions......Page 490
Motion of Fine-Grained Material in Reactor......Page 492
Heat Transfer between Particles of Fuel and Heat Carrier......Page 493
Chemical Reactions in Free Volume of Reactor......Page 495
Equilibrium Analysis of Oil Shale Gasification......Page 496
Oil Shale Pyrolysis in Drum-Type Reactor......Page 499
References......Page 503
Introduction......Page 506
Carbon Nanostructures Behavior under Irradiation......Page 507
Radiation-Induced Formation of Carbon Nanostructures......Page 508
Mechanisms of Carbon Nanostructures Destruction......Page 509
Modification of Carbon Nanostructures under Irradiation......Page 511
Displacement Cross-Section......Page 513
Threshold Energy of Carbon Atom Displacement......Page 515
Characteristic Time of CNSs Destruction......Page 516
Conclusion......Page 518
References......Page 519
Abstract......Page 522
1. Introduction......Page 523
2. Instrumentation of the East Asia Hall......Page 524
3.1. Formulation......Page 525
3.2. Spectral Density Matrix Estimator......Page 527
3.3. Identification Using the Bayesian Spectral Density Approach......Page 529
4. Meteorological Information......Page 530
4.1.Typhoon Nuri......Page 531
4.2. Typhoon Hagupit......Page 532
5.1. Acceleration Response Measurements......Page 534
5.2.1. Drag Force......Page 535
5.2.2.Vortex-Shedding Effects......Page 537
5.3.1. Spectral Intensity of Excitation......Page 538
5.3.2. Structural Parameters......Page 539
4. Conclusion......Page 544
References......Page 545
1. Introduction......Page 548
2. Two Kinds of Charge Carries in Metal and Ohm Law for Metal......Page 549
3. Quantum Analysis of Charge Transport at UltralowTemperatures......Page 553
4. Association of Researched Model with Ginzburg-LandauTheories of Superconductivity......Page 557
5. Conclusions......Page 558
References......Page 559
Abstract......Page 560
QED......Page 566
References......Page 570
INTRODUCTION......Page 572
FORMATION......Page 573
MODELING OF SPLINE COLLOCATION......Page 576
RESULTS......Page 581
REFERENCES......Page 587
1. Introduction......Page 590
2. Kernel Discriminant Analysis......Page 592
3.1. Concept......Page 593
3.2.2. Membership Functions with Bias Terms......Page 594
4.1. Decision Function of KDA-FCs......Page 595
4.2. 2-D Tuning Space......Page 596
4.3. Training of Decision Functions in the 2-D Tuning Space......Page 597
5.1. Extension Based on Pairwise Methods......Page 599
5.2. Behavior Analysis of KDA-FCMs......Page 600
6.1. Benchmark Data Sets......Page 601
6.2. Parameter Setting......Page 602
6.3. Evaluation for Two-class Problems......Page 603
6.3.2. Behavior Analysis of KDA-FCs......Page 604
6.4.2. Behavior Analysis of KDA-FCMs......Page 607
7. Conclusions......Page 609
References......Page 610
INDEX......Page 612