Engineering graphics with AutoCAD 2009

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
Chapter 1—Getting Started......Page 14
 1-1 Introduction......Page 15
 1-2 Toolbars......Page 17
 1-4 Command Tools......Page 20
 1-6 Naming a Drawing......Page 21
 1-7 Drawing Units......Page 23
 1-8 Drawing Limits......Page 25
 1-9 Grid and Snap......Page 27
 1-10 Sample Problem SP1-1......Page 28
 1-11 Save and Save As......Page 29
 1-13 Exit......Page 31
 1-14 Exercise Problems......Page 32
 2-2 Line—Random Points......Page 36
 2-3 Erase......Page 38
 2-4 Line—Snap Points......Page 39
 2-6 Line—Dynamic Inputs......Page 40
 2-7 Construction Line......Page 41
 2-8 Circle......Page 44
 2-9 Circle Centerlines......Page 46
 2-10 Polyline......Page 47
 2-11 Spline......Page 50
 2-12 Ellipse......Page 51
 2-13 Rectangle......Page 53
 2-14 Polygon......Page 54
 2-16 Text......Page 55
 2-18 Copy......Page 60
 2-20 Mirror......Page 61
 2-21 Array......Page 62
 2-22 Rotate......Page 63
 2-23 Trim......Page 64
 2-25 Break......Page 65
 2-26 Chamfer......Page 66
 2-28 Table......Page 67
 2-29 Exercise Problems......Page 70
 3-2 Osnap......Page 82
 3-4 Osnap—Snap From......Page 84
 3-5 Osnap—Midpoint......Page 85
 3-7 Osnap—Apparent Intersection......Page 86
 3-10 Osnap—Perpendicular......Page 87
 3-11 Osnap—Tangent......Page 88
 3-13 Sample Problem SP3-1......Page 89
 3-14 Sample Problem SP3-2......Page 90
 3-15 Grips 8......Page 91
 3-17 Grips—Move......Page 92
 3-20 Grips—Mirror......Page 93
 3-21 Blocks......Page 94
 3-22 Working with Blocks......Page 96
 3-23 Wblock......Page 99
 3-24 Dynamic Blocks......Page 101
 3-25 Layers......Page 108
 3-26 Attributes......Page 115
 3-27 Title Blocks with Attributes......Page 120
 3-29 Edit Spline......Page 122
 3-30 Edit Text......Page 123
 3-32 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle— Method II 1......Page 125
 3-34 Constructing a Parabola......Page 126
 3-35 Constructing a Hyperbola......Page 127
 3-37 Constructing a Helix......Page 128
 3-38 Designing Using Shape Parameters......Page 129
 3-39 Exercise Problems......Page 131
 4-3 Graph Paper......Page 150
 4-5 Lines......Page 151
 4-6 Proportions......Page 152
 4-7 Curves......Page 153
 4-8 Sample Problem SP4-1......Page 154
 4-9 Isometric Sketches......Page 155
 4-10 Sample Problem SP4-2......Page 157
 4-11 Oblique Sketches......Page 158
 4-12 Perspective Sketches......Page 159
 4-13 Working in Different Orientations......Page 161
 4-14 Exercise Problems......Page 162
 5-2 Three Views of an Object......Page 176
 5-3 Visualization......Page 177
 5-5 Hidden Line Conventions......Page 179
 5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines......Page 180
 5-8 Slanted Surfaces......Page 184
 5-10 Sample Problem SP5-1......Page 185
 5-11 Compound Lines......Page 186
 5-12 Sample Problem SP5-2......Page 187
 5-13 Oblique Surfaces......Page 188
 5-14 Sample Problems SP5-3......Page 189
 5-15 Rounded Surfaces......Page 190
 5-17 Holes......Page 191
 5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces......Page 194
 5-19 Cylinders......Page 196
 5-20 Sample Problem SP5-5......Page 197
 5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces......Page 198
 5-22 Sample Problem SP5-6......Page 199
 5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders......Page 200
 5-25 Sample Problem SP5-7......Page 201
 5-26 Hole Callouts......Page 204
 5-27 Castings......Page 205
 5-28 Sample Problem SP5-8......Page 207
 5-29 Thin-Walled Objects......Page 208
 5-30 Sample Problem SP5-9......Page 209
 5-32 Sample Problem SP5-10......Page 210
 5-34 Sample Problem SP5-12......Page 212
 5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part......Page 215
 5-36 Exercise Problems......Page 217
 6-1 Introduction......Page 248
 6-2 Cutting Plane Lines......Page 250
 6-3 Section Lines......Page 253
 6-4 Hatch......Page 254
 6-5 Sample Problem SP6-1......Page 256
 6-7 Sectional View Location......Page 257
 6-8 Holes in Sections......Page 258
 6-9 Gradients......Page 259
 6-10 Offset Sections......Page 260
 6-13 Drawing Conventions in Sections......Page 261
 6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-out Sectional Views......Page 262
 6-16 Breaks......Page 263
 6-17 Sectional Views of Castings......Page 265
 6-18 Exercise Problems......Page 267
 7-1 Introduction......Page 282
 7-2 Projection between Normal and Auxiliary Views......Page 283
 7-3 Sample Problem SP7-1......Page 285
 7-4 Transferring Lines between Views......Page 286
 7-5 Sample Problem SP7-2......Page 288
 7-7 Sample Problem SP7-3......Page 289
 7-10 Sample Problem SP7-5......Page 290
 7-12 Sectional Auxiliary Views......Page 292
 7-13 Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces......Page 293
 7-14 Secondary Auxiliary Views......Page 294
 7-15 Sample Problem SP7-6......Page 297
 7-16 Secondary Auxiliary View of an Ellipse......Page 298
 7-17 Exercise Problems......Page 299
Chapter 8—Dimensioning......Page 314
 8-2 Terminology and Conventions......Page 315
 8-3 Linear Dimension......Page 317
 8-4 Dimension Styles......Page 321
 8-5 Units......Page 324
 8-7 Radius and Diameter Dimensions......Page 326
 8-8 Angular Dimensions......Page 330
 8-9 Ordinate Dimensions......Page 331
 8-10 Baseline Dimensions......Page 334
 8-11 Continue Dimension......Page 335
 8-12 Quick Dimension......Page 336
 8-14 Quick Leader......Page 337
 8-15 Dimension Edit......Page 339
 8-17 Dimensioning Holes......Page 341
 8-20 Rounded Shapes (Internal)......Page 344
 8-22 Irregular Surfaces......Page 345
 8-24 Chamfers......Page 347
 8-26 Keys and Keyseats......Page 348
 8-28 Symmetry and Centerline......Page 349
 8-30 Coordinate Dimensions......Page 350
 8-32 Orthographic Views......Page 351
 8-33 Very Large Radii......Page 352
 8-34 Exercise Problems......Page 353
 9-2 Direct Tolerance Methods......Page 372
 9-4 Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances......Page 373
 9-5 Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances Using AutoCAD......Page 374
 9-6 Limit Tolerances......Page 376
 9-7 Creating Limit Tolerances Using AutoCAD......Page 377
 9-8 Angular Tolerances......Page 378
 9-10 Double Dimensioning......Page 379
 9-11 Chain Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions......Page 380
 9-13 Rectangular Dimensions......Page 382
 9-15 Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole......Page 383
 9-16 Sample Problem SP9-1......Page 384
 9-18 Standard Fits (Metric Values)......Page 385
 9-21 Sample Problem SP9-3......Page 387
 9-23 Sample Problem SP9-4......Page 388
 9-25 Surface Finishes......Page 389
 9-26 Surface Control Symbols......Page 392
 9-27 Design Problems......Page 393
 9-28 Exercise Problems......Page 397
 10-1 Introduction......Page 410
 10-4 Straightness......Page 411
 10-5 Straightness (RFS and MMC)......Page 412
 10-6 Circularity......Page 414
 10-8 Geometric Tolerances Using AutoCAD......Page 415
 10-9 Tolerances of Orientation......Page 421
 10-10 Datums......Page 422
 10-11 Perpendicularity......Page 423
 10-14 Profiles......Page 425
 10-15 Runouts......Page 427
 10-16 Positional Tolerances......Page 428
 10-17 Virtual Condition......Page 429
 10-18 Floating Fasteners......Page 430
 10-20 Sample Problem SP10-2......Page 431
 10-21 Fixed Fasteners......Page 432
 10-22 Sample Problem SP10-3......Page 433
 10-23 Design Problems......Page 434
 10-24 Exercise Problems......Page 436
 11-3 Thread Callouts (Metric Units)......Page 456
 11-4 Thread Callouts (English Units)......Page 457
 11-5 Thread Representations......Page 458
 11-7 Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations......Page 463
 11-8 Types of Threads......Page 464
 11-9 How to Draw an External Square Thread......Page 465
 11-11 How to Draw an External ACME Thread......Page 466
 11-14 Studs......Page 468
 11-15 Head Shapes......Page 469
 11-16 Nuts......Page 472
 11-18 Sample Problem SP11-2......Page 475
 11-19 Standard Screws......Page 476
 11-20 Setscrews......Page 477
 11-21 Washers......Page 478
 11-23 Rivets......Page 479
 11-24 Springs......Page 481
 11-25 DesignCenter......Page 483
 11-26 Exercise Problems......Page 487
 12-1 Introduction......Page 498
 12-2 Assembly Drawings......Page 499
 12-3 Drawing Formats (Templates)......Page 501
 12-4 Title Block......Page 503
 12-5 Revision Block......Page 505
 12-7 Release Block......Page 506
 12-8 Parts List (Bill of Materials)......Page 507
 12-9 Detail Drawings......Page 508
 12-10 First-Angle Projection......Page 509
 12-12 Design Layouts......Page 510
 12-13 Sample Problem SP12-1......Page 511
 12-14 Sample Problem SP12-2......Page 514
 12-15 Sample Problem SP12-3......Page 517
 12-16 Exercise Problems......Page 519
 13-3 Gear Terminology—Spur......Page 540
 13-4 Spur Gear Drawings......Page 542
 13-5 Sample Problem SP13-1......Page 543
 13-6 Sample Problem SP13-2......Page 545
 13-10 Sample Problem SP13-4......Page 547
 13-11 Combining Spur Gears......Page 550
 13-12 Gear Terminology—Bevel......Page 552
 13-13 How to Draw Bevel Gears......Page 553
 13-14 Worm Gears......Page 554
 13-15 Helical Gears......Page 556
 13-16 Racks......Page 557
 13-18 Sample Problem SP13-5......Page 558
 13-19 Bushings......Page 560
 13-20 Sample Problem SP13-6......Page 561
 13-21 Cam Displacement Diagrams......Page 562
 13-22 Cam Motions......Page 563
 13-23 Cam Followers......Page 566
 13-24 Sample Problem SP13-7......Page 567
 13-25 Exercise Problems......Page 569
 14-2 The World Coordinate System......Page 580
 14-3 Viewpoints......Page 582
 14-4 Perspective and Parallel Grids......Page 583
 14-5 3D Modeling......Page 584
 14-6 User Coordinate Systems (UCS)......Page 586
 14-7 Editing a Solid Model......Page 588
 14-9 Rotating a UCS Axis......Page 589
 14-10 Sample Problem SP14-1......Page 590
 14-11 Visual Errors......Page 592
 14-13 Orthographic Views......Page 593
 14-14 Line Thickness......Page 597
 14-15 Using the Thickness Command to Create Objects......Page 599
 14-16 Exercise Problems......Page 602
 15-1 Introduction......Page 608
 15-2 Box......Page 609
 15-3 Sphere......Page 611
 15-4 Cylinder......Page 612
 15-5 Cone......Page 613
 15-6 Wedge......Page 614
 15-8 Extrude......Page 616
 15-11 Polysolid......Page 618
 15-12 Loft......Page 619
 15-13 Intersect......Page 620
 15-14 Union and Subtract......Page 621
 15-15 Solid Modeling and UCSs......Page 623
 15-16 Combining Solid Objects......Page 625
 15-17 Intersecting Solids......Page 628
 15-18 Solid Models of Castings......Page 633
 15-19 Thread Representations in Solid Models......Page 636
 15-20 List......Page 637
 15-22 Face and Edge Editing......Page 638
 15-23 Exercise Problems......Page 644
 16-2 Orthographic Projection......Page 672
 16-3 The True Length of a Line......Page 675
 16-4 The True Shape of a Plane......Page 679
 16-5 Locating a Line in a Plane......Page 683
 16-6 Locating a Point in a Plane......Page 685
 16-7 Visibility of a Line......Page 687
 16-8 Piercing Points......Page 688
 16-9 Distance between a Line and a Point......Page 692
 16-10 Distance between Two Lines......Page 694
 16-11 Angle between a Plane and a Line......Page 695
 16-12 Angle between Two Planes......Page 697
 16-13 Intersection......Page 699
 16-14 Exercise Problems......Page 701
 A-1 Wire and Sheet Metal Gauges......Page 712
 A-2 American Standard Clearance Locational Fits......Page 713
 A-3 American Standard Running and Sliding Fits......Page 714
 A-4 American Standard Transition Locational Fits......Page 715
 A-6 American Standard Force Shrink Fits......Page 716
 A-7 Preferred Clearance Fits—Cylindrical Fits......Page 717
 A-8 Preferred Transition and Interference Fits— Cylindrical Fits......Page 718
 A-9 Preferred Clearance Fits— Cylindrical Fits......Page 719
 A-10 Preferred Transition and Interference Fits— Cylindrical Fits......Page 720
 A-11 American National Standard Type A Plain Washers......Page 721
 A-13 American National Standard Internal– External Tooth Lock Washers......Page 722
 A-14 British Standard Bright Metal Washers— Metric Series......Page 723
 A-15 American National Standard and Unified Standard Square Bolts......Page 724
 A-17 Coarse-Thread Series, UNC, UNRC, and NC—Basic Dimensions......Page 725
 A-18 Fine-Thread Series, UNC, UNRC, and NC— Basic Dimensions......Page 726
 A-20 60° Stub Threads......Page 727
 A-21 American National Standard Slotted 100° Flat Countersunk Head Machine Screws......Page 728
 A-22 American National Standard Slotted Truss Head Machine Screws......Page 729
 A-23 American National Standard Plain and Slotted Hexagon Head Machine Screws......Page 730
 A-24 Slotted Round Head Machine Screws......Page 731
 A-25 American National Standard Square Head Setscrews......Page 732
 A-26 American National Standard Square Head Setscrews......Page 733
 A-27 American National Standard Slotted Headless Setscrews......Page 734
 A-29 Lengths for Metric Threaded Fasteners......Page 735
 A-30 American National Standard Square and Hexagon Machine Screw Nuts......Page 736
 A-32 Standard Twist Drill Sizes (Millimeters)......Page 737
 A-34 Metric Threads—Preferred Sizes......Page 738
 A-35 Thread Lengths......Page 739
 A-36 Fastness—Standard Lengths......Page 740
 A-37 American National Standard Plain Washers......Page 741
 A-38 Flat Washes—Metric Sizes......Page 742
 C......Page 744
 D......Page 745
 L......Page 746
 O......Page 747
 T......Page 748
 V......Page 749
 W......Page 750