Energy Storage Systems: An Introduction

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1
Lithium-Ion Batteries -  Fundamental to Applications
	Abstract
	Introduction to Li-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
		Thermodynamics of Li-ion Battery
	Working Principle of LIB
	Major Components of LIBs
	Cathode Materials
		Properties of Cathodes
		Various Kinds of Cathodes
		Transition Metal Oxide-Based Cathodes
		Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2)
		Lithium Nickel Oxide (LiNiO2)
		Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMnO2)
		Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) ─  LiNi1-y-zMnyCozO2
		Lithium–Manganese Rich Ni-Mn-Co Oxides (LMR-NMC)
		Li-V-O Layered Cathodes
		Three-Dimensional LixMn2O4 Spinel
		Polyanionic Type Cathodes
			One-Dimensional Olivine
		Silicates
		Tavorites
		Lithium Excess Disordered Rock-Salt Cathodes
		Conversion Type Cathodes
			Type 1-Category Conversion Cathodes
			Type 2-Category Conversion Cathodes
			Safety Aspects of Layered Oxides vs. Olivines (LiCoO2 vs LiFePO4)
	Anode Materials
		Features of Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
		Intercalation Type Anodes
		Conversion Type Anodes
		Composites and Alloy Type Anodes
		Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer Formation Phenomenon on the Anode
	Electrolytes
		Electrolytes Based on Carbonate Solvents
		Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes
		Polymer-Based Electrolytes
		Solid-State Electrolytes
	Separator
	Commercial Designing of Lithium-Ion Cells
	Mechanisms of Degradation of Cell Components
		Self-Discharge
		Structural and Chemical Changes in the Cathode  Active Materials
		Structural and Chemical Changes in the Anode Active Materials
		Degradation of Electrolytes in LIB
		Overcharge of LIBs
		Corrosion of Current Collectors
		Degradation of Separator
		Thermal Exploitation
		Battery Management System
	Problem Mitigation Strategies  of Cell Components
		Problem Mitigation for Cathodes
		Mitigation Strategies for Anodes
		Problem Mitigation for Electrolytes
		Problem Mitigation for Separator
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 2
Combined Nuclear Reactor Thermal Energy Storage Systems
	Abstract
	Introduction
		Nuclear Energy Systems
			History
			Share of Nuclear Power
			Economic and Environmental Perspectives
			Social Costs
		Nuclear System Design
	Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
		The Categorization of the TES Technologies
			Sensible Heat Storage
			Latent Heat Storage
			Thermochemical Storage
		Thermal Storage Design
	Methods and Analysis
		Transitional Analysis
			Transitional System Model Description
		Reactor Kinetics Unit
		Reactor Hydraulic, Thermal Unit
		Reactor Decomposition Heat Unit
		Thermal Energy Storage Unit
			Temporary Results for the Model
		Normal Operation
		Loss of Forced Circulation Accident
	Conclusion and Summary
		Market and Economy
			Market Designs
			Economic Restrictions
		Technical Strategies
			Baseload Electricity (Black Lines and Stripes)
			Peak Electricity Production
			Turbine Waste Heat Recovery
			Add Steam Using the Stored Heat of HRSG
		Policy Implications
	References
Chapter 3
Latent Heat Storage with Embedded Porous Media
	Abstract
	Introduction
	PCM Embedded Porous Media
	Mathematical Modeling of PCM Embedded Porous Media
	Melting and Solidification of PCM Embedded Porous Media
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4
Integrated Energy Storage Systems with Solar Collectors
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Expérimentation
	Mathematical Solution
	Numerical Solution for 1-D Heat Transfer
	Thermal Performance Parameters
	Numerical Modeling of Transient 2-D Laminar Model Using CFD Tools
	Modeling of Phase Change Material: Melting and Solidification (2D)
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5
Optimal CCHP Combined with Thermal Energy Storage System Design Using Genetic Algorithm
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP)
		Distributed Energy Demand
		Improvement Design Strategies
		Technical Review
			Extraction Condensing
			Backpressure Power Plants
			Industrial Backpressurere Power Plants
			Backpressure Power Plants for Use in District Heating
			Gas Turbine and Heat Recycling Boiler
			Combined Cycle Power Plants
			Power Plants Equipped with Reciprocating Motors
	Methods
		Genetic Algorithm
			Operators of a Genetic Algorithm
			Genetic Algorithm Applications
			Termination Conditions for Genetic Algorithms Are
		CCHP Modeling
			Operational Strategies
			System Model
			Performance Factors
			Performance and Optimal Point Modeling
			System Constraints
	Implementation Method
		GA Modelling
			Calculate the Fit Function
	Case Study
	Conclusion
	Appendix 1
	References
Chapter 6
Natural Convection Grain Dryer
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
	Theoretical Analysis
	Effect of Sensible Heat Storage Material  on Non-Dimensional Numbers and Heat  Transfer Coefficient
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 7
Exergy Analysis of a Natural Convection Grain Dryer
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Experimental Set-Up and Procedure
	Mathematical Model
	Effect of Sensible Heat Storage Material on  the Exergy in the Rectangular Chamber
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
About the Editor
Index
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