Energy and Climate: How to achieve a successful energy transition

Energy & Climate......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
SCI Preface......Page 9
The fundamental role of energy in the economy......Page 19
Current predominance of fossil energies......Page 20
Uses of energy......Page 21
Restricted number of suppliers......Page 23
Energy and globalisation of the economy......Page 25
The increasing role of the emerging countries......Page 26
Future outlook......Page 27
The growing demand......Page 29
Risks for the long-term energy supply......Page 31
Greater vulnerability of consumer countries......Page 32
Dependency of transport on oil......Page 33
Effects of energy consumption on the environment at local and regional levels......Page 34
Growing threats......Page 36
A major risk for the planet......Page 39
The greenhouse effect......Page 40
The impact of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change......Page 41
Symptoms of climate change......Page 43
Positive retroaction and tipping points......Page 45
Kyoto protocol and post-Kyoto......Page 47
The factor 4 problem......Page 49
The current trend......Page 50
Urgency of the actions to be undertaken......Page 51
The need for change......Page 53
Threats to be removed......Page 54
Acting from a perspective of sustainable development......Page 55
The need for global regulation and governance......Page 56
A long transition......Page 58
The need to innovate......Page 60
Means of action......Page 61
A global transition......Page 64
From megawatts to negawatts......Page 67
The evolution of the energy intensity......Page 68
Renewing the organisation of housing and transport......Page 70
Towards the positive energy building......Page 72
Reduction of energy consumption in the transport sector......Page 74
Hybrid propulsion......Page 76
Energy storage......Page 77
New agricultural production modes......Page 80
Waste treatment and materials recycling......Page 81
The carbon content of the primary energy supply......Page 85
Carbon intensity......Page 86
Energy carbon content reduction pathways......Page 87
Revival of nuclear energy......Page 88
Renewable energy prospects......Page 92
Wind energy: an already mature energy......Page 93
The promise of solar energy......Page 94
Advantages and limitations of geothermal energy......Page 96
Biomass energy and biofuels: potentialities and risks......Page 97
The role of hydrogen......Page 100
Hybridisation of sources......Page 103
The role of fossil fuels......Page 107
The end of abundant and cheap oil......Page 108
Oil reserves: the present situation......Page 109
Towards a more technological oil......Page 111
Extra-heavy oils and shales......Page 114
Natural gas......Page 115
The comeback of coal......Page 117
Synthetic fuels......Page 120
Stakes ahead......Page 123
Carbon sinks......Page 124
capture and transport......Page 125
Geological storage......Page 127
capture and storage......Page 130
Geological storage operations worldwide......Page 132
Legal and social framework for geological storage......Page 133
recycling......Page 134
geological storage......Page 136
The conditions required for a successful transition......Page 139
Implementing an acceptable evolution scenario......Page 140
Reaching the required goals......Page 141
Future outlook......Page 143
Ensuring technological progress......Page 144
A new lifestyle......Page 147
A new project for the future society......Page 148
Conclusion......Page 149
Appendix 1 – Energy and power......Page 151
Appendix 3 – Abbreviations and acronyms......Page 152
References......Page 155
Climate change......Page 161
Natural gas......Page 162
capture and storage......Page 163
Index......Page 165