Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: Technology, Incentives, Behavior

Energy, Sustainability and the Environment:Technology, Incentives, Behavior......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Contributors......Page 14
Introduction......Page 28
Are we in a bind?......Page 29
How did we end up in this bind?......Page 31
How can we get there9?......Page 32
Setting the context......Page 33
Scope and outline of the book......Page 34
Part I - Challenge of Sustainability......Page 44
1.Introduction......Page 46
2.Why Do We Use So Much Energy?......Page 48
3.What Do We Use Energy For?......Page 55
4.What Constitutes an Adequate Standard of Living?......Page 59
5.Lives, Lifestyles, and Socio-Economic Systems......Page 67
6.Toward a More Sustainable Lifestyle......Page 72
Introduction......Page 74
Projecting Energy Futures......Page 75
Business-as-Usual Global Energy Trends Are Dominated by Increasing Fossil Fuel Usage......Page 80
Cooperation Between China and the United States Is a Necessary Condition to Improve the World's Energy Future......Page 83
No Single Solution Will Address Global Energy Objectives......Page 89
Linking Scenarios to Energy Policy and Planning Objectives......Page 91
Bibliography......Page 95
Appendix A: Summary of Energy Scenarios......Page 98
1.Introduction......Page 106
2.Critique of the Notion of “Needs” in the Context of “Energy Needs”......Page 107
3.Relevant Elements for a Reappraisal of Consumption Politics......Page 117
Conclusions......Page 125
Bibliography......Page 127
1.Introduction......Page 132
2.Driving Forces for Climate Change......Page 134
3.Policies for Mitigation of Global Warming......Page 136
4.Limits to Growth Revisited......Page 145
5.Shortcomings of the Present Economic System......Page 151
Conclusions......Page 157
Bibliography......Page 158
1.Introduction......Page 162
2.Why Consumer Society is not Sustainable......Page 164
3.The Alternative Path......Page 172
4.How might the transition be made?......Page 173
Conclusions......Page 174
Appendix......Page 175
Bibliography......Page 176
1.Introduction......Page 180
2.Markets, Institutions, and Society......Page 182
3.History Lessons......Page 189
4.The New Sustainable Paradigm......Page 196
Conclusions......Page 204
Bibliography......Page 205
1.Introduction......Page 208
2.Current Global Emission Levels......Page 210
3.Annual Emissions Levels Required for Stabilization......Page 213
4.Reduced Energy Usage......Page 219
5.Shifting to Lower Carbon Emitting Sources......Page 231
6.Is it worth the price?......Page 234
1.Introduction......Page 238
2.Utility Regulation......Page 242
3.Buildings and Appliances......Page 253
Conclusions......Page 267
Bibliography......Page 268
Part II -Technological Fixes......Page 272
1.Introduction......Page 274
2.Residential Energy Use......Page 276
3.New Homes with Energy Efficiency as a Goal......Page 282
4.What Would it Take to Transform the New Residential Building Stock?......Page 298
5.What Else Needs to Happen?......Page 302
6.The Bottom Line: Is it Practical and Can We Afford it?......Page 308
Conclusions......Page 310
Bibliography......Page 311
1.Introduction: Residential Energy Consumption and Energy Invisibility......Page 316
2.Smart Meters and In-Home Displays......Page 319
3.Some Historical Evidence......Page 325
4.The Impact on Habits, Lifestyles, and Choices......Page 336
5.The Magnitude of Potential Savings......Page 339
Conclusions......Page 341
Bibliography......Page 343
1.Introduction......Page 348
2.Overview of U.S. Nonresidential Energy Usage......Page 349
3.The Record on Occupant/Operator Behavior and Energy Use in Organizations......Page 355
4.Research and Analytical Underpinnings of Behavior-Based Efficiency......Page 357
5.Leading Energy Efficiency Strategies in the Corporate World......Page 362
6.Behavior Change in a Performance Contracting Framework......Page 370
Conclusions......Page 375
Bibliography......Page 378
1.Introduction......Page 380
2.Recent Trends in Energy Productivity......Page 381
3.Potential Energy Savings in Energy-Intensive Industries......Page 392
4.Barriers to Technological Innovation in Industry......Page 394
5.Policy Drivers of Change......Page 397
6.Manufacturing the Next Generation of Green Technologies......Page 402
Conclusions......Page 404
Bibliography......Page 406
1.Introduction......Page 410
2.Overall Status of Renewable Energy Capacity and Investment......Page 411
3.Market and Technology Trends......Page 416
4.Technology/Resource Prospects......Page 437
Conclusions......Page 454
Bibliography......Page 456
1.Introduction......Page 460
2.Energy and Carbon Challenges in the Buildings Sector......Page 461
3.Assessing Possible Routes for Low-Carbon Futures......Page 469
4.Pathways for Future Buildings......Page 475
5.Implications for Grid Infrastructures and Heat Suppliers......Page 481
Conclusions......Page 482
Bibliography......Page 483
Part III - Case Studies......Page 486
1.Introduction1......Page 488
2.Demand and Supply of Energy in China......Page 491
3.Energy and Climate Change Policy......Page 496
4.Growth Patterns and Mitigation Opportunities......Page 501
5.Future Scenarios......Page 508
Conclusions......Page 516
Bibliography......Page 517
1.Introduction......Page 520
2.The 2000-Watt Vision......Page 521
3.The White Book......Page 527
4.Current Progress......Page 533
5.Beyond Switzerland?......Page 536
Conclusions......Page 538
Bibliography......Page 539
1.Introduction......Page 540
2.A Brief Historical Perspective on Energy Efficiency in California......Page 542
3.PG & E's Zero Net Energy Pilot Program......Page 550
4.Reframing Assumptions for Zero Net Energy......Page 555
Conclusions......Page 558
Bibliography......Page 559
Introduction......Page 562
Why Climate Action?......Page 563
Taking Action: Austin's Climate Protection Plan......Page 564
Engaging the Community to Achieve Carbon Neutrality......Page 574
Comparison to Other Local Government Programs......Page 585
Lessons Learned......Page 589
Bibliography......Page 591
1.Introduction......Page 594
2.Clinton Climate Initiative......Page 595
3.Motorola and Climate Change......Page 602
4.Masdar City......Page 606
Conclusions......Page 610
Bibliography......Page 612
Epilogue-Can We Get There from Here?......Page 614
Index......Page 616