Endoscopic Diagnosis of Esophageal Carcinoma for ESD

Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
	Editor
	Translator
	Contributors
​Part I: Basic Knowledge of Diagnostic Endoscopy of ESD for Esophagus Cancer
	1: Basic Structure of Esophageal Cancers
		1.1	 Basic Structure of Esophageal Mucosa
		1.2	 Basic Structure of Esophageal Squamous Cancer
		1.3	 Subclassifications of T1b-SM [3]
		1.4	 Superficial Caners and Early Cancers [3]
		1.5	 Morphological Type Classifications [3]
		References
	2: Indications for Endoscopic Resections
		2.1	 What Are Appropriate Indications for ESD?
		2.2	 What Are Relative Indications for ESD?
		2.3	 What Are Nonapplicable (Off-Label) Indications for ESD?
		2.4	 What Are the Issues Regarding Lesions with Relative Indications?
		2.5	 Problems Relating to Post-ESD Esophageal Stenosis
		2.6	 Summary
		References
	3: Diagnosis of Lateral Margins
		3.1	 White Light Imaging (WLI)
			Depression
			Color Tone
			Vascular Visibilities
		3.2	 NBI Observation
		3.3	 Iodine Dye Staining
		3.4	 Summary
		References
	4: Diagnosis of Invasion Depths
		4.1	 Endoscopic Diagnosis
			Invasion Depth Diagnosis Under White Light Imaging
				Evaluation of Thickness
				“Tatami (Japanese Woven Straw) Mat” Pattern
			Invasion Depth Diagnosis with Magnifying Endoscopy
				Tricks for Performing Magnifying Observation [1]
				The Japan Esophageal Society Classification of Findings in Esophageal Cancer Observed with Magnifying Endoscopy [2, 3]
				• Type A Blood Vessels
				• Type B1 Blood Vessels
				• Type B2 Blood Vessels
				• Type B2i Blood Vessels
				• Type B3 Blood Vessels
				• AVA (Avascular Area)
				• Type R Blood Vessels [4]
				Limitations of Diagnosis with Magnifying Endoscopy
				• Case of Type B1 Blood Vessels, but with Invasion Depth of T1a-MM or More
				• Case of Type B2 Blood Vessels, but with Invasion Depth of T1b-SM2
				• Case of Type B1 Blood Vessels, but with Invasion Depth of T1b-SM2
		4.2	 EUS
			State of Invasion Depth Diagnosis by EUS
				State of Diagnosing Capability
				Comparison of Diagnostic Capability of EUS with Diagnostic Capabilities of Usual Endoscopy and NBI Magnifying Endoscopy
				Factors Influencing Diagnostic Capabilities of EUS
			Invasion Depth Diagnosis by EUS: Practical Applications
				Scanning Methods
				EUS Imaging of Normal Esophageal Wall
				Cases: Invasion Depth Evaluation by EUS
		4.3	 Summary
		References
Part II: Diagnosis and Treatment of Each Carcinoma Type
	5: Type 0-Is Esophageal Cancer
		5.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		5.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	6: Type 0-Ip Esophageal Cancer
		6.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		6.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	7: Type 0-Isp Esophageal Cancer
		7.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		7.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	8: Type 0-IIa Esophageal Cancer: First Case
		8.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
			Invasion Depth Diagnosis Should Be Made by Collective Judgments
		8.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	9: Type 0-IIa Esophageal Cancer: Second Case
		9.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		9.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	10: Type 0-IIb Esophageal Cancer: First Case
		10.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		10.2	 From ESD to the Final diagnosis
	11: Type 0-IIb Esophageal Carcinoma: Second Case
		11.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		11.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	12: Type 0-IIc Esophageal Carcinoma: First Case
		12.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		12.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	13: Type 0-IIc Esophageal Carcinoma: Second Case
		13.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		13.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	14: Type 0-III Esophageal Carcinoma
		14.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		14.2	 From ESD to the Final Diagnosis
	15: Large Superficially Spreading Esophageal Carcinoma
		15.1	 Let’s Try to Diagnose This Lesion
		15.2	 From ESD to Final Diagnosis
		Reference
Part III: Practices
	16: Question 1: What Is the Invasion Depth?
		16.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig.16.2)
		16.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully
		16.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
		16.4	 Answer
	17: Question 2: What Is the Invasion Depth?
		17.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 17.2)
		17.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully
		17.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
			Let’s Observe the Histopathological Image (Fig. 17.5)
			Let’s Compare with the Endoscopic Images (Fig. 17.6)
		17.4	 Answer
	18: Question 3: What Is the Invasion Depth?
		18.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 18.2)
		18.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully
		18.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis (Fig. 18.4)
			Let’s Observe the Histopathological Images (Fig. 18.5)
			Let’s Look at the Mapping of the Lesion on the Resected Specimen (Fig. 18.6)
			Let’s Compare the Mapping with the Endoscopic Images (Fig. 18.7)
		18.4	 Answer
	19: Question 4: What Is the Invasion Depth?
		19.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 19.2)
		19.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully
		19.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
			Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with Endoscopic Image
		19.4	 Answer
	20: Question 5: What Is the Invasion Depth?
		20.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 20.2)
		20.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully
		20.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
			Let’s Compare the Histopathological Findings with the Endoscopic Images (Fig. 20.5)
		20.4	 Answer
	21: Question 6: What Is the Histological Type?
		21.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 21.2)
		21.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 21.3)
		21.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
			Let’s Observe Histopathology of the Biopsy Specimen (Fig. 21.4)
			Let’s Observe CT to Determine Presence or Absence of Metastases (Fig. 21.5)
			Let’s Confirm the Changes in the Submucosa (Fig. 21.6)
			Let’s Observe the Freshly Resected Specimen
			Let’s Compare NBI Findings with Histopathological Image (Fig. 21.9)
		21.4	 Answer
	22: Question 7: What Is the Histological Type?
		22.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 22.2)
		22.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 22.3)
		22.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
		22.4	 Answer
	23: Question 8: What Is the Histological Type?
		23.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 23.2)
		23.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 23.3)
		23.3	 To Confirm the Final Diagnosis, Let’s Compare with the Resected Specimen (Fig. 23.4)
		23.4	 Answer
	24: Question 9: What Is the Histological Type?
		24.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 24.2)
		24.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Careful (Fig. 24.3)
		24.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
		24.4	 Answer
	25: Question 10: What Is the Diagnosis?
		25.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 25.2)
		25.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 25.3)
		25.3	 Let’s Compare with the Resected Specimen Towards the Final Diagnosis
		25.4	 A Reference Case
		25.5	 Answer
	26: Question 11: What Is the Diagnosis?
		26.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 26.2)
		26.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 26.3)
		26.3	 Let’s Compare the Biopsy Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
		26.4	 Answer
	27: Question 12: What Is the Diagnosis?
		27.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 27.2)
		27.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 27.3)
		27.3	 Let’s Reevaluate After PPI Treatment
		27.4	 Answer
	28: Question 13: What Is the Diagnosis?
		28.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 28.2)
		28.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 28.3)
		28.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
		28.4	 Answer
	29: Question 14: What Is the Diagnosis?
		29.1	 Let’s Look at These Six Images and Think (Fig. 29.2)
		29.2	 Let’s Observe the Following Six Images Carefully (Fig. 29.3)
		29.3	 Let’s Compare the Resected Specimen with the Endoscopic Images Towards the Final Diagnosis
			Let’s Observe the Histopathology Images (Fig. 29.5)
			Let’s Compare with Endoscopic Images (Fig. 29.6)
			This Image Shows PAS Staining of the Same Section (Fig. 29.7)
		29.4	 Answer
Correction to: Endoscopic Diagnosis of Esophageal Carcinoma for ESD