End-User Development: 8th International Symposium, IS-EUD 2021, Virtual Event, July 6–8, 2021, Proceedings

Preface
Organization
Contents
Invited Talk
End-User Development: Empowering Stakeholders with Artificial Intelligence, Meta-Design, and Cultures of Participation
	1 Introduction
	2 End-User Development (EUD)
	3 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
	4 Integrating EUD and AI
		4.1 Explainable AI (XAI)
		4.2 Meta-Design
		4.3 Cultures of Participation
	5 Socio-Technical Environments Exploring EUD and AI Perspectives
		5.1 Adaptive and Adaptable Systems
		5.2 Domain-Oriented Design Environments (DODEs)
		5.3 Context-Aware Systems
	6 Challenges for the Future
		6.1 EUD Objectives for Democratizing AI
		6.2 Participation Overload in the Context of Personally Irrelevant Problems
		6.3 Cultural Transformations
	7 Conclusions
	References
Full Papers
Reconsidering End-User Development Definitions
	1 Introduction
	2 A Cause to Reconsider Commonly Used Definitions
	3 End-User Development Is an Evolving Concept
	4 Software Development Is an Evolving End-User Development Practice
	5 Professional Software Development
		5.1 Connotations of Professionalism
		5.2 Software Development Does Not Have a Singular Model of Labour
	6 Replacing Professional Development with Technical Development
	7 Resolution of the Contradiction
	8 Conclusion
	References
An End-User Development Approach to Secure Smart Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
	3 Intrusion Defender: A Smart Object to Secure Smart Environments
	4 Design of Abstraction Mechanisms to Customize Smart Environments Security Through ECA Rules
		4.1 A Card-Sorting Study to Reduce Information Overload
		4.2 Design of the Event Description for the ID Smart Object
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Study Design and Participants
		5.2 Procedure
		5.3 Data Collection and Analysis
		5.4 Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Comparative Analysis of Composition Paradigms for Personalization Rules in IoT Settings
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 The Tailoring Environments
	4 User Study
		4.1 Participants
		4.2 Test Organisation
		4.3 Questionnaire Results
		4.4 Analysis of Rules Correctness
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Devices, Information, and People: Abstracting the Internet of Things for End-User Personalization
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Works
	3 Diary Study
	4 Results
		4.1 Personalizing the IoT Through Different Abstractions
		4.2 The Right Abstraction for the Right Context
	5 Design Opportunities for Personalizing the IoT
	6 Limitations
	7 Conclusions
	References
Help Me Create Smart Things: How to Support Design and Art Students at a Distance
	1 Introduction
	2 Background on the SNaP Tool
	3 Related Work
		3.1 Creativity and Its Evaluation
		3.2 Meta-design
	4 Workshop Design
		4.1 Participants and Context
		4.2 Research Questions and Data Collection
		4.3 Protocol
	5 Results
		5.1 Elaboration of Smart Thing Ideas
		5.2 Unexpected Usages of the Tool
	6 Reflections and Recommendations
		6.1 Elaboration of Smart Thing Ideas
		6.2 Unexpected Usages of the Tool and Recommendations
	7 Conclusions
	References
Personalization in a Paper Factory
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Domain Analysis and Requirements Elicitation Through Interviews
	4 The Case Study Considered
	5 The Architecture of the Solution
		5.1 The Tailoring Environment for the Paper Industry Domain
	6 User Study
		6.1 Tasks
		6.2 Participants
		6.3 Results
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Learning Domain Knowledge Using Block-Based Programming: Design-Based Collaborative Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Brief Review of Literature on Block-Based Programming
		2.2 Domain-Oriented Design Environments: Visual Language vs. Components
		2.3 Group Cognition Review of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning
	3 Analytical Framework: Design-Based Collaborative Learning
	4 Methods
		4.1 Data Collection
		4.2 Data Analysis
	5 Data and Analysis
		5.1 Verbal Data Extract 1: Simulating a Die
		5.2 Verbal Data Extract 2: Programming the Microbit to Print Gene Codes
		5.3 Verbal Data Extract 3: Microbit as a Burglar Alarm
	6 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Lessons Learned from Using Reprogrammable Prototypes with End-User Developers
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Case
		3.1 Summary of the Preceding Work
		3.2 Prototype
		3.3 Workshop Procedure
		3.4 Participants
		3.5 Data Collection and Analysis
	4 Observations
	5 Lessons Learned
		5.1 Familiarization
		5.2 Conflation of the Platform and the Prototype
		5.3 Aligning Expectations and Facilitating Exploration
		5.4 Catering to Different Levels of Programming Experience
	6 Limitations and Future Work
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design of a Chatbot to Assist the Elderly
	1 Introduction
	2 Elderly Assistance with a Virtual Agent
	3 Design Strategies to Develop a Chatbot for Assisting the Elderly
		3.1 A Preliminary Evaluation of Charlie’s Functionalities
	4 A EUD Solution for Training the Virtual Agent
		4.1 EUD Strategies for Designing Chatbots
		4.2 EUD Strategies to Train Charlie
		4.3 Intelligent Suggestions of Rules
		4.4 Protocol for Counterfactual Explanations
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Jigsaw-Based End-User Tool for the Development of Ontology-Based Knowledge Bases
	1 Introduction
	2 Ontology-Based Knowledge Bases
	3 Creating Ontology-Based Knowledge Bases with DIY-KR-KIT
		3.1 Using the Jigsaw Metaphor for Knowledge Base Construction
		3.2 DIY-KR-KIT Tool
	4 User Study
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Short Papers
`Expected Most of the Results, but Some Others...Surprised Me': Personality Inference in Image Tagging Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Analysis and Results
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Providing a Notifications System to Software Services with HomeSerBot
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 HomeSerBot
		3.1 Telegram Bot
		3.2 Back-End and Data Management
		3.3 The Administration Panel
	4 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Design Requirements for Recommendations in End-User User Interface Design
	1 Introduction and Related Work
	2 Design Recommendation Survey
		2.1 Presentation of Design Recommendations
		2.2 Trust in Design Recommendations
		2.3 Willingness to Share Personal Data
	3 Design Requirements
	4 Conclusion
	References
PAC-Bot: Writing Text Messages for Developing Point-and-Click Games
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 The Intelligent Agent: PAC-Bot
		3.1 Technical Implementation
	4 Assessing the Chatbot Effect on the Rule-Authoring
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Work-in-Progress Papers
Supporting Museums and Robot Theatre Using Quando - an Event First, Visual Block Toolset
	1 Background
	2 Quando Block Concepts
		2.1 Visual Elements
		2.2 Less Used Parameter Hiding
		2.3 Run Time Varying Values Within a Numeric Range
	3 Developing End User Visual Blocks
		3.1 Inventor Blocks
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Doctoral Consortium
Supporting End User Development in Extended Reality Through Natural Language Rules
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Current Status of the Research
	4 Conclusions
	5 University Doctoral Program and Context
	References
Author Index