Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History

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Volume 1: African Religions to Indigenous Religions
	Title
	Copyright
	Contents
	Alphabetical List of Entries
	Acknowledgments
	Introduction
	Timeline: Periodization and Developments in Religion
	African Religions
		Introduction
		African Religions-in-Diaspora
		Art in Africa
		Body Art
		Candomblé
		Female Genital Mutilation
		Life-Cycle Ceremonies
		Orisha Veneration
		Priestesses and Oracular Women
		Rastafari
		Vodou
		Yoruba Religion
	Ancient Religions
		Introduction
		Athena
		Delphic Oracle
		Diana
		Egyptian Religion
		Eleusinian Mysteries
		Gaia
		Gorgon Medusa
		Greek and Roman Women, Daily Lives of
		Homosexuality
		Hypatia (ca. 351–ca. 415 CE)
		Inanna
		Marriage, Ancient Greek and Roman Religions
		Mesopotamian Religion
		Ninḫursaĝa Mother Goddess
		Ninlil
		Pre-Greek Goddesses in the Greek Pantheon
		Priestesses and Their Staff in Ancient Greece
		Religious Leadership, Ancient Roman Religions
		Roman Women
		Sappho (ca. 630–ca. 570 BCE)
		Shamans in East Asia
		Sibyls
		Sun Goddess
		Writers and Poets, Ancient Mesopotamia
	Baha’i
		Introduction
		Divine Feminine
		Education
		Gender Roles
		Tahirih
		Women in Baha’i Scriptures
	Buddhism
		Introduction
		Abortion
		Bodhisattvas
		Buddhism in the United States
		Dance
		Dance of Tara
		Engaged Buddhism
		Female Divinities
		Feminine Virtues
		Funeral Practices
		Gender Roles
		Guan Yin
		Laywomen in Theravada Buddhism
		Mahayana
		Nuns, Theravada
		Ordination
		Pajapati
		Prajnaparamita
		Sacred Texts on Women
		Sōka Gakkai
		Tantra
		Tara
		Tea Ceremony
		Therigatha
		Women in Early Buddhism
		Women’s Buddhist Networks
		Zen
	Christianity
		Introduction
		Abbesses
		Abortion
		African American Women
		Anglican/Episcopalian Women Religious
		Apocrypha
		Art, Modern and Contemporary
		Charity
		Chastity
		Christianity in Africa
		Christianity in Europe
		Christianity in Latin America
		Christianity in the United States
		Christine de Pizan (ca. 1364–ca. 1430)
		Clothing
		Divorce
		Education
		Eve
		“The Fall”
		Founders of Christian Denominations
		Fundamentalism
		Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)
		Homosexuality in Early to Early Modern Christianity
		Interfaith Dialogue Post 9/11, Christian and Muslim Women
		Julian of Norwich (ca. 1342–ca. 1416)
		Marriage, Divorce, and Widowhood
		Mary Magdalene (ca. first century CE)
		Middle Ages
		Ministers
		Missionaries
		Monastic Life
		Monasticism, Contemporary Women
		Monasticism, Medieval Women
		Mormonism
		Mother of God
		Mystics
		Orthodox Christianity
		Pilgrimage
		Polygamy
		Protestant Denominations
		Relationship and Social Models in Scripture, Archeology, and History
		Roman Catholic Women Religious
		Saints
		Sex and Gender
		Sophia
		Stigmatics
		Widowhood
		Women in Early Christianity (to 300 CE)
		Women in the Reformation
		Women Writers in Early and Medieval Christianity
	Confucianism
		Introduction
		Books for Women
		Classical Confucianism
		Confucian Revivalism
		Cult of Female Chastity
		Feminine Virtues
		Filial Piety
		Motherhood
		Women’s Changing Roles
	Daoism
		Introduction
		Daoism in China
		Goddesses
		Healers
		Priestesses, Nuns, and Ordination
		Wu Wei and the Feminine
	Hinduism
		Introduction
		Aditi
		Bhakti
		Caste
		Dance
		Devadasis
		Devi
		Draupadi
		Durga and Kali
		Festivals
		Fundamentalism
		Gopi Girls
		Gurus and Saints
		Household Shrines
		Ideals of Womanhood
		Kali
		Lakshmi
		Marriage
		Matriliny
		Pilgrimage
		Prakriti
		Radha and Gopi Girls
		Renunciation
		Sacred Texts on Women
		Saints
		Saraswati
		Sati
		Shakti
		Stage-of-Life Rituals
		Tantra
		Vedic Hinduism
		Yoginis
	General Bibliography
	About the Editor and Contributors
	Index
Volume 2: Indigenous Religions to Spirituality
	Title
	Copyright
	Contents
	Alphabetical List of Entries
	Acknowledgments
	Introduction
	Timeline: Periodization and Developments in Religion
	Indigenous Religions
		Introduction
		Activism (Native American)
		Ancestors (Native American)
		Arts (Native American)
		Ceremonies (Native American)
		Clothing (Native American)
		Creation Stories (Native American)
		Kinship (Native American)
		Marriage and Social Status (Native American)
		Matriarchies
		Medicine Women (Native American)
		Nature (Native American)
		Sacred Place (Native American)
		Sacred Spirits (Native American)
		Shamanism in Eurasian Cultures
		Shamans in Korea
		Women Warriors (Native American)
	Islam
		Introduction
		Coverings
		Diaspora
		Divorce
		Druze Religion
		Education
		Fatima (605/615–632 CE)
		Female Genital Mutilation
		Feminism
		Hadith
		Hagar
		Hawwa
		Holy Days
		Honor
		Ideal Woman
		Islam in Africa
		Islam in Europe
		Islam in the Middle East
		Islam in the United States
		Marriage and Divorce
		Maryam
		Peacemaking
		Pilgrimage
		Polygamy
		Prophet’s Wives
		Purdah
		Qur'an and Hadith
		Reform
		Saints, Sufi
		Shari‘a
		Sufism
		Women’s Organizations
	Jainism
		Introduction
		Female Deities
		Jina
		Laywomen
		Monastics and Nuns
		Ritual
	Judaism
		Introduction
		American Denominations: 1850 to Present
		Ancient Judaism
		Art
		Bat Mitzvah
		Divorce
		Education
		Eve
		Feminist and Women’s Movements
		Festivals and Holy Days
		Food
		Goddesses
		Hasidism
		Israel
		Judaism in Europe
		Judaism in the United States
		Kabbalah
		Lilith
		Marriage and Divorce
		Midrash
		Mitzvah
		Mizrahi Judaism
		Modern and Contemporary Judaism
		Peacemaking
		Performance
		Priestesses
		Rabbis
		Rosh Hodesh
		Salome Alexandra (d. 67 BCE)
		Sephardic and Mizrahi Judaisms
		Sex and Gender
		Shabbat (Sabbath)
		Synagogue
		Women and Work
	Paganism
		Introduction
		Druidry
		Eco-Paganism
		Elders
		Heathenry
		Magic
		Paganism
		Priestesses and Elders
		Reconstructionist Paganism
		Ritual
		Seasonal Festivals
		Wicca
	Prehistoric Religions
		Introduction
		Burials
		Crete, Religion and Culture
		Gimbutas, Marija (1921–1994) and the Religions of Old Europe
		Guardian Spirits in Eurasian Cultures
		Neolithic Female Figures
		Sacred Script
		Shamanism
		Upper Paleolithic Female Figures
		Women in Prehistoric Religious Practices
	Shinto
		Introduction
		Amaterasu Omikami
		Feminine Virtues
		Filial Piety
		Founders of New Religious Movements
		Kami
		Kinship and Marriage
		Marriage
		Priestesses
		Shamans and Ritualists
		Shinto Weddings
		State Shinto
		Tenrikyō
	Sikhism
		Introduction
		Art and Performance
		Feminist Issues in Sikhism
		Guru Period
		Ritual and Festival, Women’s Roles
		Sikh Scriptures and Women
	Spirituality
		Introduction
		Art and Performance
		Astrology
		Deep Ecology
		Divination
		Drumming
		Ecofeminism
		Goddess Spirituality
		Green Funerals
		Healers
		Kirtan
		Meditation
		Pilgrimage, Goddess
		Radical Women’s Spirituality
		Sex and Gender
		Sheela na gigs
		Spiritualism
		Spirituality and Gender In Social Context
		Syncretism
		Women of Color
		Yoga
	General Bibliography
	About the Editor and Contributors
	Index