Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences

Accident Investigations: Airbag Ralted Injuries and Deaths......Page 6
Accident Investigations: Determination of Cause Overview......Page 14
Serology: Blood Identification......Page 0
Accident Investigations: Driver Vs Passanger in Motor Vehicle Collisons......Page 29
Accident Investigations: Motor Vehicle......Page 38
Accident Investigations: Rail......Page 47
Accident Investigations: Tachographs......Page 53
Acreditation of Forensic Science Laboratories......Page 63
Administration of Forensic Science......Page 69
Administration of Forensic Science: Organization Labs......Page 73
Alcohol: Blood......Page 79
Alcohol: Body Fluids......Page 85
Alcohol: Breath......Page 91
Alcohol: Congener Analysis......Page 98
Alcohol: Interpretation......Page 107
Alcohol: Postmorten......Page 117
Analytical Techniques: Capillary Electrophoresis......Page 132
Analytical Techniques: Gas Chromatography......Page 152
Analytical Techniques: Hyphenated Chromatographic-Spectrsocopic Techniques......Page 159
Analytical Techniques: Mass Spectrometry......Page 161
Analytical Techniques: Microscopy......Page 167
Analytical Techniques: Presumtive Chemical Tests......Page 173
Analytical Techniques: Separation Techniques......Page 178
Analytical Techniques: Spectroscopic Techniques......Page 185
Analytical Techniques: Spectroscopy Basic Principles......Page 197
Antropology: Animal Effects on Humans Remains......Page 200
Antropology: Archeology......Page 209
Antropology: Assessment of Occupational stress......Page 215
Antropology: Bone Pathology and antemorten Trauma in Forensic cases......Page 220
Antropology: Excavation and retrieval of Forensic Remains......Page 238
Antropology: Morphological Age Estimation......Page 245
Antropology: Sex determination......Page 256
Antropology: Skeletal Analysis......Page 265
Antropology: Skeletal Trauma......Page 275
Antropology: Stature Estimation from the Skeleton......Page 281
Antrophometry......Page 289
Autoerothic death......Page 295
Basic Principles of Forensic Science......Page 301
Causes of Death: Overview......Page 306
Causes of Death: Blunt Injury......Page 319
causes of death: Burns and Scalds......Page 329
Causes of deaths: Postmorten Changes......Page 334
Causes of Death: Sharp Injury......Page 343
Causes of Death: Suddn natural Death......Page 349
Causes of Death: Systemic Response to trauma......Page 352
Causes of Death: Traffic Deaths......Page 356
Cheiloscopy......Page 361
Clinical foresnic Medicine: Overview......Page 365
Clinical foresnic Medicine: Defense Wounds......Page 377
Clinical foresnic Medicine: Evaluation of Gunshot Wounds......Page 381
Clinical foresnic Medicine: Recognition of Pattern Injuries in Domestic Vilence Victims......Page 387
Clinical foresnic Medicine: Sexual Assault and Semen Persistence......Page 401
Clinical foresnic Medicine: Self Inflicted Injury......Page 395
Computer Crime......Page 407
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Collection and Chain Evidence......Page 413
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Contamination......Page 416
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Criminal analysis......Page 420
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Fingerprints......Page 427
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: major incident Scene Management......Page 433
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Packaging......Page 437
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Preservation......Page 445
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Recording......Page 448
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Recovery of Humans Remains......Page 452
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Scene Analysis and Reconstruction......Page 462
Crime Scene Invest. and Examination: Suspicious Deaths......Page 467
Criminal Profiling......Page 471
Criminalistics: In Forensic Sciences......Page 476
Deoxyribonucleic Acid......Page 483
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Databank......Page 490
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Future Analytical techniques......Page 494
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid......Page 503
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Parentage Testing......Page 508
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Polymerase Chain Reaction......Page 519
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: PCR Short Tandem repeats......Page 530
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Restriction fragment Lenght Polymorphism......Page 539
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Significance......Page 545
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Statistical Analysis......Page 549
Detection of Deception......Page 554
Disater Victim Identification......Page 560
Document Analysis: Analytical Methods......Page 570
Document Analysis:Document dating......Page 574
Document Analysis: Handwriting......Page 588
Document Analysis: Ink analysis......Page 595
Drugs of Abuse: Analysis......Page 602
Drugs of Abuse: Antemorten Blood......Page 614
Drugs of Abuse: Body Fluids......Page 620
Drugs of Abuse: Classification, Including Commercial Drugs......Page 630
Drugs of Abuse:Designer Drugs......Page 635
Drugs of Abuse: Drugs and Driving......Page 639
Drugs of Abuse: hair......Page 644
Drugs of Abuse: Postmorten Blood......Page 650
Drugs of Abuse: Urine......Page 655
Dust......Page 666
Education......Page 684
Electronic Communication and Information......Page 690
Engineering......Page 695
Entomology......Page 703
Ethics......Page 710
Evidence: Classification......Page 716
Evidence: satistical Interpretation / Bayesian Analysis......Page 721
Expert witness......Page 728
Explosives......Page 733
Explosives: Bom Scene management......Page 749
Explosives: Commercial......Page 754
Explosives: Mechanism of Explosion......Page 762
Explosives: Military......Page 768
Facial Identification: Computarized Facial Reconstruction......Page 776
Facial Identification: facial Tissue Thickness in facial Reconstruction......Page 782
Facial Identification: Lineup, Mushot Search and Composite......Page 791
Facial Identification: Photo Image Identification......Page 798
Facial Identification: Skull-photo Superimposition......Page 810
Fibers: Identification and Comparison......Page 818
Fibers: recovery......Page 826
Fibres: significance......Page 832
Fibers: Transfer and Persistence......Page 837
Fibers: Types......Page 841
Fingerprints (Dactyloscopy)......Page 857
Fingerprints: Chemistry of Print residue......Page 865
Fingerprints: Identification and Classification......Page 872
Fingerprints: Sequential treatment and Enhancement......Page 880
Fingerprints: Standards of proofs......Page 887
Fingerprints: Visualization......Page 893
Fire Investigation: Chemistry of Fire......Page 903
Fire Investigation: Evidence Recovery at the Fire-Scene......Page 908
Fire Investigation: Fire Scene......Page 914
Fire Investigation: Fire scene patterns......Page 919
Fire Investigation: Laboratory......Page 925
Fire Investigation: Physics / Thermodynamics......Page 931
Fire Investigation: Types of fire......Page 937
Firearms: Human Killing Tools......Page 942
Firearms: laboratory Analysis......Page 947
Firearms: Range......Page 952
Firearms: Residues......Page 956
Firearms: Weapons, Ammunitions and Penetration......Page 964
Forgery And Fraud: Counter Currency......Page 972
Geographical Profiling......Page 994
Hair: Overview......Page 1002
hair: Comparison Significance of Hair Evidence......Page 1021
Hair: Deoxyribonucleic Acid typing......Page 1028
Hair: Identification of Human and Animal hair......Page 1037
History: Crime Scene Sciences......Page 1051
History: Fingerprint Sciences......Page 1057
History: Forensic Antropology in the USA......Page 1062
History: forensic Medicine......Page 1067
Identification / Individualization......Page 1079
Internet Crime......Page 1087
Investigative Psychology......Page 1093
Legal Aspects of Forensic Sceince......Page 1100
Lie detection......Page 1103
Microchemistry......Page 1112
Modus Operandi......Page 1117
Nursing......Page 1123
Odontology......Page 1129
Offender Signature......Page 1137
Paints and Coatings......Page 1141
Pathology: Overview......Page 1149
Pathology: Histopathology......Page 1161
pathology: Postmorten Interval......Page 1168
Pathology: Preservation of Evidence......Page 1173
Pathology: Victim recovery......Page 1178
Pattern Evidence: Plastic Bag Striations......Page 1182
Pattern Evidence: Footwear Marks......Page 1196
Pattern Evidence: Serial Number......Page 1207
Pattern Evidence: Shotgun Ammunition on a Target......Page 1212
Pattern Evidence: Tools......Page 1218
Pharmacology......Page 1238
Phonetics......Page 1246
Photography and Digital Imaging......Page 1257
Postmorten Examination: Procedures and standards......Page 1275
Psychlolinguistics......Page 1279
Psychological Autopsies......Page 1284
Psychlology and Psychiatry......Page 1293
Psychiatry......Page 1298
Quality Assurance......Page 1309
Serial killing......Page 1317
Serology......Page 1322
Serology: Bloodstain Pattern Analysis......Page 1338
Stalking......Page 1350
Time Science death......Page 1357
Toxicology: Overview......Page 1364
Toxicology: Equine Drug testing......Page 1370
Toxicology: Inhalants......Page 1375
Toxicology: Interpretation of results......Page 1391
Toxicology: Merthods of analysis Antemortem......Page 1397
Toxicology:Methods of Analysis Postmortem......Page 1404
Voice Analysis......Page 1410
Wildlife......Page 1419
Wood Analysis......Page 1428
Color Plates......Page 1438