Emotional and Behavioural Problems of Young Offenders in Singapore: Findings from the EPYC Study (SpringerBriefs in Criminology)

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
	References
Chapter 2: Methodology of the Longitudinal Study
	2.1 Aims of the Study
	2.2 Sample
		2.2.1 Baseline Sample
		2.2.2 Baseline Sample Representativeness
		2.2.3 Longitudinal Sample
	2.3 Data Collection Procedures
	2.4 Measures
		2.4.1 Measures of EBPs
		2.4.2 Measures of Risk Factors
		2.4.3 Measures of Protective Factors
		2.4.4 Measures of Criminal Behaviours
	2.5 Analytical Plan
	2.6 Summary
	References
Chapter 3: Prevalence and Comorbidity of Emotional and Behavioural Problems of Young Offenders in Singapore
	3.1 The Mental Disorder Treatment Gap
	3.2 Co-occurrence of EBPs
	3.3 Examining EBP Comorbidity Using Network Analyses
	3.4 The Current Study
	3.5 Prevalence of Self-Reported EBPs
		3.5.1 Comparison Between Young Offender and Non-offender Samples
		3.5.2 Sex Differences
	3.6 Comparison of EBP Networks for Young Offenders and Non-offenders
	3.7 Sex Specific Networks Among Young Offenders
	3.8 Treatment Gap
	3.9 Practical Implications
	3.10 Future Directions
	Appendix (Figs. 3.3 and 3.4)
	References
Chapter 4: Prevalence and Trajectories of Depression
	4.1 Prevalence of Depression
	4.2 Changes in Depression
	4.3 Risk and Protective Factors Relating to Depression
	4.4 Summary
		4.4.1 Depression Improving After Entering the Justice System
		4.4.2 Personality, Violence Exposure, and Housing Status Are Risk Factors for Depression
		4.4.3 Family Environment Matters Most
	References
Chapter 5: Drug Use in Young Offenders: The Link to Emotional and Behavioural Problems
	5.1 Changes in EBPs and Drug Use
	5.2 EBPs and Drug Use
		5.2.1 Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
		5.2.2 Behavioural Problems Increased the Risk of Drug Use
	5.3 Summary
		5.3.1 Decrease in Drug Use and EBPs
		5.3.2 Behavioural Problems Associated with Drug Use
		5.3.3 Screen and Treat EBPs
	References
Chapter 6: Predicting 2-Year Re-offending Among Young Offenders Under Community Supervision
	6.1 Re-offending, Level of Risk, and EBPs in the Community Sample
		6.1.1 Re-offending Rate
		6.1.2 Level of Risk
		6.1.3 EBPs
	6.2 EBPs and Level of Risk
	6.3 Re-offending Rates Based on Level of Risk and EBPs
	6.4 Incremental Validity of EBP Assessment in Predicting Re-offending
	6.5 Summary and Implications
		6.5.1 YLS/CMI Level of Risk Is the Strongest Predictor of Re-offending
		6.5.2 Behavioural Problems Had Incremental Validity over YLS/CMI Level of Risk
		6.5.3 Screening for EBPs, Especially in High-Risk Young Offenders
	References
Chapter 7: Protective Factors Against Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Young Offenders
	7.1 Changes in EBPs, External, and Internal Protective Factors
		7.1.1 EBP Trajectories
		7.1.2 External and Internal Protective Factors’ Trajectories
	7.2 Identifying Effective Protective Factors
		7.2.1 External Protective Factors: Family Context
		7.2.2 External Protective Factors: Assets from Peer Groups, School, and Community Settings
		7.2.3 Internal Protective Factors: Personal Competence
	7.3 Summary
	References
Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations
	8.1 Prevalence and Comorbidity of EBPs
	8.2 EBPs, Drug Use, and Re-offending
	8.3 Risk and Protective Factors for EBPs
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
Index