Emerging Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Sensor Applications

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Half Title
Emerging Materials and Technologies Series
Emerging Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Sensor Applications
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Contents
Editor Biographies
Contributors
Section I: Emerging Materials in Nanocatalysis
	1. The Role of Nanomaterials in Sustainable Organic Synthesis
		1.1 Nanomaterial as Catalysts
		1.2 Characteristics of Nanomaterials
		1.3 Properties of Nanomaterials as Catalysts
		1.4 Nanocatalyst in Organic Transformations
		1.5 Recent Developments in Advanced Nanocatalysts
		1.6 Nanostructured Catalysts for Greener and Sustainable Organic Processes
		1.7 Outlook
		References
	2. Nanocatalysts in Oxidation and Sulfoxidation Reactions
		2.1 Sulfur Redox Reactions
			2.1.1 Sulfur Electrochemistry in Li–S Batteries
			2.1.2 Liquid Sulfur-Redox Reaction
		2.2 Molybdenum Catalyst Used for Sulfoxidation Reactions in Aqueous Medium
			2.2.1 Characterization of Molybdenum Catalyst
		2.3 TiO2 Catalyst for Enantioselective Sulfoxidation
		2.4 Selective Oxidation of Alkylsulfides
		2.5 Applications of Nanocatalyst
			2.5.1 Use in Environment and Especially in Wastewater Treatment
			2.5.2 Applications of Nanocatalyst in Mechanical Industries
			2.5.3 Applications of Nanocatalyst in Drugs Delivery
			2.5.4 Energy Harvesting Applications
			2.5.5 Materials Engineering Applications
		2.6 Nickel Nanocatalyst in the Enhancement of Hydrogen Oxidation Reactions
			2.6.1 Ni@h- BN Nanocatalyst Characterization
		2.7 Organic and Inorganic Hybrid Nanocatalyst for Oxidation Reaction
			2.7.1 Characterization of Ag- HAp Catalyst
		2.8 Metal Organic Frameworks as Oxidation Catalyst
		2.9 Metals as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Different Oxidation Reactions
			2.9.1 The Conversion of Glucose to Gluconic Acid
			2.9.2 The Oxidative Conversion of Hydrogen to Hydrogen Peroxide
			2.9.3 The Oxidation of Alcohols
		References
	3. Correlation of Surface Properties and Catalytic Activity of Metal Aluminophosphates
		3.1 Introduction to Alumina- Based Porous Materials
			3.1.1 Aluminophosphates (AlPO)
		3.2 Synthesis of Alumina-Based Materials
			3.2.1 Preparation of Amorphous Mesoporous Metal Aluminophosphates
		3.3 Characterization of Amorphous Mesoporous Aluminophosphates
			3.3.1 Powder X-Ray Diffraction
			3.3.2 X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of Aluminophosphates
			3.3 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
			3.3.4 BET-Specific Surface Area
			3.3.5 Temperature Programmed Desorption
			3.3.6 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
			3.3.7 Raman Spectra
		3.4 Correlation of Surface Properties On Catalytic Activity of Aluminophosphates
		References
	4. Carbon Supported Noble Metal Nanocatalysts for Liquid Phase Oxidation Reactions
		4.1 Overview of Carbon Materials as Catalyst Supports
			4.1.1 Liquid Phase Oxidation of Organic Compounds On Carbon-Supported Noble Metal Catalysts
			4.1.2 Platinum and Palladium Nanocatalysts
			4.1.3 Ruthenium Nanocatalysts
			4.1.4 Gold and Silver Nanocatalysts
		References
	5. Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Visible Light Photocatalysis
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Visible Light Photocatalysis
		5.3 Mechanism of Photocatalysis
		5.4 Various Types of Visible Light-Absorbing Photocatalysts
			5.4.1 Modified Single Materials
			5.4.2 Heterojunctions
			5.4.3 Z-Scheme Heterojunctions
			5.4.4 Carbon-Semiconductor Composites
			5.4.5 Plasmonic Materials
			5.4.6 Sensitized Photocatalysts
		5.5 TiO2 Based Visible Light Active Metal Oxide Photocatalysts
			5.5.1 TiO2 Structure, Properties and Electronic Processes
			5.5.2 Advanced TiO2 Nanomaterials for Visible-Light Induced Applications
		5.6 Non TiO2 Based Visible Light Photocatalysts
			5.6.1 WO3 Based Photocatalysts
			5.6.2 Bismuth-Based Photocatalysts
			5.6.3 MoS2 Based Visible Light Active Photocatalysts
			5.6.4 Ag3PO4 Based Nanocomposites
		5.7 Applications of Metal Oxides for Visible Light-Induced Photocatalysis
			5.7.1 Environmental Applications
			5.7.2 Energy Applications
			5.7.3 Synthetic Applications
		5.8 Future Outlook and Conclusion
		References
	6. Progress in Photocatalysis for Hydrogen Evolution and Environmental Remediation
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Synthesis of Photocatalysts
			6.2.1 Sol-Gel Process
			6.2.2 Hydrothermal Process
			6.2.3 Sonochemical Method
			6.2.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
			6.2.5 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
			6.2.6 Electrochemical Deposition
		6.3 Reforms in Photocatalysis
			6.3.1 Doping of Metals Or Non-Metals
			6.3.2 Loading of Cocatalysts
			6.3.3 Heterojunction Structures
		6.4 Application
			6.4.1 Hydrogen Evolution
			6.4.2 Waste-Water Treatment
		6.5 Conclusions and Future Prospective
		References
Section II: Emerging Materials in Nanosensors
	7. Nanostructured Materials for Sensors Applications
		7.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
		7.2 Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials
			7.2.1 2D Layered Inorganic Nanomaterials for Sensor Applications
				7.2.1.1 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) as Sensor Materials
				7.2.1.2 Synthesis of 2D Inorganic Materials for Sensor Applications
				7.2.1.3 Metal Oxides as Sensor Materials
				7.2.1.4 Synthesis of Metal Oxide Materials for Sensor Applications
			7.2.2 Carbon and Its Allotropy Materials for Sensor Applications
				7.2.2.1 Carbon and Graphene Quantum Dots as Sensors
				7.2.2.2 Synthetic Methods of CQDs and GQDs and Application as Sensor Materials
				7.2.2.3 Preparation of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQD) for Sensor Applications
				7.2.2.4 Preparation of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD) for Sensor Applications
			7.2.3 Conducting Polymer (CP) Materials for Sensor Applications
				7.2.3.1 Synthesis of Conducting Polymers (CPs) for Sensor Applications
			7.2.4 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials for Sensor Applications
				7.2.4.1 Perovskites as Sensors
				7.2.4.2 Synthesis of Perovskites Materials for Sensor Applications
				7.2.4.3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Sensors
				7.2.4.4 Synthesis of MOFs for Sensor Applications
		7.3 Sensor Device Fabrications
		7.4 Sensing Mechanism
		7.5 Outlook
		Acknowledgments
		References
	8. Synthesis of Fluorescent Nanosensor for Biomedical Engineering
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Preparation of Fluorescent Nanosensor
			8.2.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis
			8.2.2 Solvothermal Method
			8.2.3 Ultrasonic Irradiations
			8.2.4 Microwave Irradiation
			8.2.5 Precipitation and Coprecipitation
			8.2.6 Polymerization
		8.3 Types of Fluorescent Nanosensor
			8.3.1 PH-Sensitive Nanosensor
			8.3.2 Temperature-Sensitive Nanosensor
			8.3.3 Protease-Sensitive Nanosensor
			8.3.4 Oxygen-Sensitive Nanosensor
		8.4 Applications of Fluorescent Nanosensor
			8.4.1 Detection of Microorganisms
			8.4.2 Detection of Metallic and Nonmetallic Ions
			8.4.3 Detection of Organic Compounds
				8.4.3.1 Detection of Amino Acids, Proteins and Vitamins
				8.4.3.2 Detection of Drugs
		8.5 Future Perspectives
		8.6 Conclusion
		References
	9. Applications of Peptide Luminescent Nanosensors
		9.1 The Advent of Sensors and Nanosensors: Impact On Society
		9.2 Classification of Nanosensors
		9.3 Optical Nanosensors; Luminescent Nanosensors
		9.4 Mechanisms of Operation of Luminescent Peptide Nanosensors
		9.5 Future Perspectives of Peptide Nanosensors
		9.6 Acknowledgments
		References
	10. Graphene-Based Hybrid Nano Composites for Bio/Chemical Sensors
		10.1 Introduction
			10.1.1 History of Graphene and Its Derivatives
			10.1.2 Graphene Oxide (GO)/Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Hybrid With Metal (M)/Metal Oxide (MO) Nano Structures
			10.1.3 Sensors
			10.1.4 Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Based Sensors
			10.1.5 Electrochemical Sensors
		10.2 Types of GO/rGO Hybrid M/MO Nanocomposites
			10.2.1 GO/rGO-Au Hybrid Nanocomposites
			10.2.2 GO/rGO-Ag Hybrid Nanocomposites
				10.2.2.1 GO/rGO–Os Hybrid Nanocomposites
			10.2.3 GO/rGO-Cu Hybrid Nanocomposites
			10.2.4 GO/rGO-ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposites
			10.2.5 GO/rGO-SnO2 Hybrid Nano Composites
			10.2.6 GO/rGO-Fe2O3 Hybrid Nanocomposites
		10.3 Summary
		References
	11. Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Vitamins and Hormones
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Nanomaterials – Principle and Conduction Properties for Electrochemical Sensing
		11.3 Electrochemical Sensors for Water-Soluble Vitamins
		11.4 Electrochemical Sensors for Hormone
		11.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
		References
	12. Economic Analysis, Environmental Impact, Future Prospects and Mechanistic Understandings of Nanosensors and Nanocatalysis
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Economic Analysis of Nanosensors and Nanocatalysts
		12.3 Environmental Impact of Nanosensors and Nanocatalysts
		12.4 Mechanistic Understanding
		12.5 Future Outlook
		12.6 Conclusion
		12.7 Acknowledgment
		References
Index