Emerging Electronics and Automation: Select Proceedings of E2A 2022 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1088)

Committee
About the Conference
Message from the Patron
Message from the Honorary Chair
Message from the General Chair
Message from the General Chair
Message from the General Chair
Message from the General Chair
Message from Head of the Department
Message from the Organizing Chairs
Keynote Speakers
Future Directions
Contents
About the Editors
Control and Robotics Track-I
Unfalsified Adaptive Control of a Robotic System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Controller Design
	4 Stability Analysis
	5 Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
Semi-active Control for Seismic Vibration Mitigation of Building System with Magnetorheological Damping Device
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
		2.1 Description of the System
		2.2 Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) Control
		2.3 Control Device: Magnetorheological (MR) Damper
	3 The Sample System
	4 Performance Evaluation (Simulation Study)
	5 Conclusion
	References
Relative Ageing of Population and Subpopulations in Proportional Reversed Hazard Frailty Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Auxiliary Results
	3 Proportional Reversed Hazards Frailty Models
	4 Conclusion
	References
Realization of Fractional-Order Proportional Integral Controller for a Class of Higher Order System–A Comparative Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Designing Methodology of FOC
	3 Simulations and Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Relative Ageing of Population and Subpopulations in Proportional Hazard Frailty Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 Auxiliary Results
	4 Proportional Hazards Frailty Models
	References
Control and Robotics Track-II
Experimental Validation of Direct Synthesis-Based PI/PID Controller Applied to First and Second Order Variable Area Tank Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modelling
	3 Empirical Model Identification
	4 Direct Synthesis (DS) Method of Tuning PI/PID Controller
		4.1 ZN Method of PI/PID Controller Tuning
	5 Experimental Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Robust Controller Design for Inverted Pendulum Using Sliding Mode Control Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Sliding Mode Controller Design
	3 Modelling of Inverted Pendulum
	4 Implementation of Sliding Mode
		4.1 Simulation and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Robust IMC-Based Integer and Fractional Filter PID Controller Design for Non-minimum Phase Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Fractional Filter IMC-PID Controller Design
	3 Performance Analysis of the Proposed Controller
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
		4.1 Example 1
		4.2 Example 2
	5 Conclusion
	References
Signal and Image Processing Track-I
Squeeze Excitation Embedded Attention U-Net for Brain Tumor Segmentation
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Squeeze Attention Embedded Attention U-NET
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Handwritten Word Recognition in English Language
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Definition
		1.2 Project Overview
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection and Pre-processing
		3.2 Testing and Training Dataset
		3.3 Shuffling of Dataset
	4 Classification of Technique
		4.1 Transfer Learning Models-ResNet
		4.2 KNN Model
		4.3 SVM Model
		4.4 CNN Model
		4.5 Feature Extraction
	5 Training Model
		5.1 Prediction of Test Images
		5.2 Prediction on External Image
		5.3 Implementing Model on Word Recognition
		5.4 Prediction on External Image
	6 Results and Observation
		6.1 Cross-Validation
		6.2 Confusion Matrix
		6.3 F1 Score
		6.4 Conclusion
	References
Digital Image Watermarking Using Integer Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Integer Wavelet Transform
		2.2 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Watermark Embedding
		3.2 Watermark Extraction
		3.3 Flow Chart
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Algorithm to Assist Visually Impaired Person for Object Detection in Real Time
	1 Introduction
	2 Implementation
		2.1 Yolov4
		2.2 Data Preprocessing
		2.3 Framework
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Accuracy
		4.2 F1 Score
	5 Conclusions
	6 Future Work
	References
Effect of Shallow Learning Techniques and Feature Selection for Breast Cancer Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Background Study
		3.1 K-Nearest Neighbors
		3.2 Naive Bayes
		3.3 Decision Tree
	4 Proposed Framework
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Data Pre-processing and Exploration
		4.3 Model Evaluation Metrics
	5 Experimental Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Signal and Image Processing Track-II
A Data Analytics-Based Study in SARS-CoV-2 Genome Revealed a Commonality in the Infection Pattern
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Retrieval and Sequence Analysis
		2.2 Analysis of Mutations in Alive and Deceased Patients
	3 Results
		3.1 Effect of Mutation Spectra on Different Age Groups
		3.2 Most Frequent Mutations Reported for Alive and Deceased Patients
	4 Conclusions
	References
Pain-Level Detection Using Heart Rate Variability
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Feature Extraction
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Automated Segmentation of Macula in Retinal Images Using Deep Learning Methodology
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Network Architecture
		3.2 Residual Extended Skip
		3.3 Loss Function
	4 Result
		4.1 Database
		4.2 Performance Metric
		4.3 Experimental Outcomes
	5 Conclusion
	References
Skin Lesion Segmentation Using Wavelet Transform on MATLAB
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 Diagnosis Methods
		2.2 MATLAB
	3 Some Basic Terminologies
		3.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
		3.2 Image Thresholding
		3.3 Jaccard Index
		3.4 Jaccard Distance
	4 Results
		4.1 Results for Border Detection
		4.2 Results for Symmetry
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Compact Zoom Lens Design for Optical Imaging Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
	3 Optimized System Design
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Brain Tumor Detection Using Image Classifier
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Brain Tumor
		1.2 Existing Systems to Detect Brain Tumor
	2 Methodology Used
		2.1 Artificial Intelligence
		2.2 Functioning of Neural Networks
		2.3 Transfer Learning
		2.4 Convolutional Neural Network
	3 Process for Detecting Tumor
		3.1 Data Augmentation
		3.2 Image Preprocessing
		3.3 Segmentation
		3.4 Feature Extraction
		3.5 Machine Learning Training and Testing
	4 The Suggested System
	5 Data Assembling Process
		5.1 Data Enhancement
		5.2 Data Generation
		5.3 Data Separation
	6 Experimental Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Study on Significant Progress in Face Recognition and Its Related Techniques Toward Better Achievement for Various Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Various Stages of Face Recognition
		3.1 The Algorithm Stage
		3.2 Artificial Features and Classifier Stage
		3.3 Artificial Neural Network
	4 Development of Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN)
		4.1 Improvement Based on Datasets
		4.2 Improvement Based on Loss Function
		4.3 Improvement Based on Architecture
	5 Parameter Analysis of CNN Model for Face Recognition Application
		5.1 Architecture of the Proposed CNN
		5.2 Parameter Analysis of Convolutional Neural Network Model
		5.3 Experimental Result of the Proposed CNN
	6 Conclusion and Challenges
	References
Communication Systems
A Survey on Dynamic Load Balancing Techniques in Cloud Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Aim of Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
	4 Challenges of Load Balancing
	5 Types of Load Balancing Algorithm
		5.1 Types of Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithms
	6 Conclusion
	References
Blockchain Enabled Secured Carpooling Platform with Proof of Concept
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 Smart Contract Enabled Carpooling System
		2.2 Smart Contract
	3 Proposed Design Framework
		3.1 Threat Model and Assumption
		3.2 Design Requirements
		3.3 Model Details
	4 Implementation and Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Energy, Power Systems and Power Electronics Track-I
Multi-stage and Multi-objective Dynamic Optimization-Based Scheduling of Uncertain Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems with Real-Time Energy Compensation
	1 Introduction
	2 Multi-stage Scheduling Framework
	3 System Architecture in Stage 1
	4 Optimization Problem Formulation
		4.1 Dynamic Optimization Problem Formulation in Stage 1
		4.2 Real-Time Energy Allocation in Stage 2
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design of Regenerative Snubber Circuit for Motor Drivers
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Analysis of RC Snubber Circuit
	2 Proposed Snubber Circuit
	3 Recovery Power Estimation
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Clustering-Based Multi-objective Stochastic Optimization Approach in Scheduling Optimal Energy Dispatch of Multiple Energy Sources in the Presence of Uncertainty
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Optimization Problem
	4 K-Means Clustering
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Energy, Power Systems and Power Electronics Track-II
Drone Charging System Using Wireless Power Transfer by Inductive Coupling
	1 Introduction
	2 WPT Mathematical Parameters
	3 Design of WPT Coil
	4 WPT Apparatus Design
		4.1 Transmitter Circuit Components
		4.2 Receiver Circuit Components
		4.3 Alignment Case
		4.4 Misalignment Configuration
	5 Design of Drone System
		5.1 Drone Flight Time
		5.2 Behavior of Receiver Circuit
	6 Base Pad Charging Station
	7 Sleep/wake Strategy
	8 System Simulation in Ansys Maxwell Software
	9 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation and Assessment of 100 kW Grid-Tied SPV System in Subtropical Climatic Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Novelty of Work
	3 PV System Technology and Modeling
		3.1 Components of Grid-Connected SPV System
		3.2 Parameters of Photovoltaic Systems for Performance Evaluation
	4 PVsyst Simulation of 100 kW Grid-Tied SPV System
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Major Simulation Findings
		5.2 Performance Ratio and Losses
	6 Conclusion
	References
Vibration Energy Harvester Using Piezoelectric with Truncated Cone Rectangular Beam Structure for Low-Power Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Piezo based Vibration Energy Harvester (PVEH)
	3 Vibration Energy Harvester Simulation Results and Discussions
	4 Parametric Analysis and Optimization
	5 Conclusion
	References
Switched-Boost Modified Z-Source Inverter for Renewable Energy Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Modified Switched Boost qZSI with Common Ground
	3 Comparative Analysis
	4 Simulation Verifications
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Logic with P&O MPPT for Grid-Connected Solar PV System Under Varying Solar Irradiance
	1 Introduction
	2 Grid-Connected Solar PV Scheme
	3 MPPT Algorithms
		3.1 Perturb and Observe Method (P&O)
		3.2 Fuzzy Logic Control Method
	4 Simulation Verifications
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis and Experimental Validation of SPWM and SVPWM Techniques on Two-Level Three-Phase VSI
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Sine Triangle PWM
		1.2 Space Vector PWM
	2 Experimental Setup
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Energy, Power Systems and Power Electronics Track-III
Simulation and Analysis of 24-h V2G System
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Model and Its Description
	3 Result Analysis and Discussion
		3.1 PV Farm Results Analysis
		3.2 Wind Farm Results Analysis
		3.3 Diesel Generator Results Analysis
		3.4 Residential Load Results Analysis
		3.5 Industrial Load Results Analysis
		3.6 Electric Vehicles Results Analysis
		3.7 Power Supplied and Consumed in the Grid Results Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Efficient Solar Pumping System
	1 Introduction
	2 PMSM Motor Design
		2.1 Stator Construction
		2.2 Main Dimensions of the Motor
		2.3 Stator Winding Arrangement
		2.4 Wire for Winding
		2.5 Rotor Construction
		2.6 Genetic Algorithm Optimization
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
MEMS and VLSI Track-I
Method for Minimizing Static Current Consumption of Single Class Nonlinear Input Stages of Micro-power High-Speed Operational Amplifiers
	1 Introduction
	2 DS Based on Bipolar Transistors
	3 Generalized Circuit of the Class “AB” BJT DS with the Increased Current Efficiency Factor Ni and Examples of Its Implementation
	4 Cascode DS of “AB” Class on BJTS
	5 Class “AB” Input CMOS Stages
	6 CMOS OP-AMP with Class “AB” Input Stage
	7 Conclusion
	References
Power Optimized Domino Logic Design of a Comparator with Variable Threshold CMOS and Clock Gating
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Domino Logic
		2.2 Existing Domino Logic
	3 Suggested Domino Logic
		3.1 Multiplexer Design
		3.2 VTCMOS
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
MEMS and VLSI Track-II
Design of Low Phase Noise PLL with Improved Locking Time
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Charge Pump and PFD
		2.1 Dickson Charge Pump
		2.2 Charge Pump with Static CTS
		2.3 Charge Pump with Dynamic CTS
		2.4 Phase Frequency Detector
	3 Proposed PLL Design
	4 Conclusion
	References
Geometrical Property Based Shape-Do-Ku Game Puzzle for Module Arrangements in PV Array to Depreciate Shading Impacts
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Literature Review
		1.2 Novelty Work
	2 PV Modeling
		2.1 PV Array Configurations
	3 Shading Scenarios and Performance Parameters
		3.1 Voltage and Power at GMPP
		3.2 Power Loss and Fill Factor
		3.3 Execution Ratio
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 P–V and I–V Curves During Ideal Conditions
		4.2 P–V and I–V Graphs Under PSCs I–II
		4.3 Power and Voltage at GMPP
		4.4 Power Loss and FF Analysis
		4.5 Power Gain Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analytical Modeling and Simulation Study of Thickness of AlN Spacer on Electrical Properties of AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT Device
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Description
		2.1 Simulation Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis of Energy Band Diagram
		3.2 Analysis of Polarization and Sheet Charge Density
		3.3 DC Analysis of AlGaNAlNGaN HEMT
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Configurable Processor Using Custom Instruction with EDK for FPGA-Based Embedded System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 PowerPC 405 in Virtex-4 FPGA
		2.2 PowerPC 405 Hardware Organization
		2.3 Embedded System Design Process
		2.4 Single-Precision Binary Arithmetic Functions
		2.5 UDI Formation Procedure
	3 Auxiliary Processor Unit Controller
		3.1 APU-to-FCM Interface
		3.2 UDI Decoding Procedure
	4 Hardware Platform Development for UDI
		4.1 The Custom Hardware Creation
		4.2 The Custom IP Connection
	5 Software Platform Development for UDI
	6 Test IP as the FCM
	7 Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
Sensors and Instrumentation
Simulations Toward Design of Matching Layer in Acoustic Emission Sensor
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Basic Structure of AE Sensor
		1.2 Modes of Piezoelectric Disk
	2 Traditional Quarter-Wavelength Matching Method
	3 Simulations
		3.1 Simulation Software
		3.2 Piezoelectric Disk Simulation
		3.3 Selection of Material for Matching Layer
		3.4 Effect of Matching Layer on Modes of Piezo-Disk
		3.5 Comparison Between Quarter-Wavelength Thickness and Simulation [Same Format Should Be Maintained]
	4 Conclusion
	References
Virtual Impedance-Based Advanced Droop Control for Improved Dynamic Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Impedance Droop Control in Islanded Mode
	3 Adaptive Virtual Impedance Control Method
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Preliminary Response of Transient Electromagnetic Survey System for Buried Metal Detection from Aerial Platform
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
	2 System Design
	3 Prototype Realization, Simulation, and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Parallel Signal Detector Approach for Detection of Human Activities Using Multiple Seismic Sensors
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 Data Acquisition
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Energy-Based Parallel Recursive STA/LTA Detector
		3.2 Feature Extraction and Classification
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study of Dielectric Characteristics of Forsterite-Based Medical Implant
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 SEM and EDX Analysis
		3.2 Dielectric Studies of Forsterite Powder
	4 Conclusions
	5 Declarations
	References
AI and Soft Computing Track-I
A Computational Aspect to Analyse Impact of Nutritional Status on the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Proposed Workflow
		2.2 Preliminary Concepts
		2.3 Mathematical Representations
		2.4 Experimentation
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Cardiovascular or Heart Disease Development Under Under-Nutritional Status
		4.2 Cardiovascular or Heart Disease Development Under Normal-Nutritional Status
		4.3 Cardiovascular or Heart Disease Development Under Over-Nutritional Status
		4.4 Important Takeaways
	5 Conclusions
	References
Vernacular Language Handwriting Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Definition
		1.2 Project Overview
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing
		3.2 Related Techniques
		3.3 Feature Extraction
		3.4 Model Training
		3.5 Preprocessing of Real-Time Images
		3.6 Character Recognition and Word Formation
	4 Results and Observation
		4.1 Comparison With Transfer Learning Model
		4.2 Confusion Matrix
		4.3 F1 Score
	5 Conclusion
	References
FPGA Implementation of Efficient Softmax Architecture for Deep Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Softmax Function
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Exponentiation Unit
		3.2 Division Unit and Accumulator
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
AI and Soft Computing Track-II
Design and Implementation of Garbage Detection and Classification Using YOLOV–5
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 What Is YOLO?
		3.2 Technology Used in YOLO
		3.3 YOLO Architecture
		3.4 Workflow
		3.5 Working of the Designed System
		3.6 Implementation
	4 Results
	References
Fusion Spectrogram for Sound Classification Using 2D Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Related Works
	4 Proposed Methodology
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Preprocessing of Audio
		4.3 Extracting Features from Audio
		4.4 2D Convolutional Neural Network
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of an Optimized Fast Transformation Module (OpFTM) for GAN Accelerator with Computation Efficiency
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Work
	4 Proposed Architecture
	5 PreU Architecture
	6 MuA Architecture
	7 PosU Architecture
	8 Results and Discussions
	9 Conclusion
	References