Emergency airway management

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Foreword......Page 11
Abbreviations......Page 13
Introduction......Page 17
Summary......Page 18
Alveolar hypoventilation......Page 19
Mismatch between ventilation and perfusion within the lungs......Page 20
Pulmonary diffusion defects......Page 21
Fixed-performance devices......Page 22
The bag-mask device......Page 25
The anaesthetic breathing system......Page 28
Assisted ventilation......Page 30
Arterial blood gas analysis......Page 31
Pre-oxygenation......Page 32
Summary......Page 33
Further reading......Page 34
Difficult mask ventilation......Page 35
Difficult view at laryngoscopy......Page 36
General assessment of patients before inducing anaesthesia......Page 37
Features likely to cause difficulty in achieving a good seal with a facemask......Page 38
Facial features......Page 39
Predicting a difficult cricothyroidotomy......Page 40
HAVNOT......Page 41
Further reading......Page 42
Positioning......Page 43
Chin lift......Page 46
Suction......Page 50
Sizing......Page 51
Nasopharyngeal airways......Page 52
Insertion......Page 53
Mask application......Page 54
Ventilation......Page 55
Further reading......Page 56
General considerations......Page 57
Patient with obstructed or partially obstructed airway who does not respond to basic airway manoeuvres......Page 59
Laryngeal disruption/swelling......Page 60
Reversible causes fitting, coma, anaphylaxis......Page 61
Reversible causes bronchospasm, pneumothorax, LVF, opioids......Page 62
Potentially compromised airway anatomy burns, laryngeal tumour, epiglottitis, anaphylaxis......Page 63
Impaired consciousness with agitation......Page 64
Further reading......Page 65
Positioning......Page 67
Airway adjuncts......Page 68
Drugs......Page 71
Non-invasive blood pressure......Page 72
Intravenous access......Page 73
Further reading......Page 74
Pre-oxygenation......Page 75
Laryngoscopy and intubation......Page 76
Post-intubation review......Page 79
Hypotension after rapid sequence induction and intubation......Page 80
Further reading......Page 81
Introduction......Page 83
Induction characteristics......Page 84
Induction characteristics......Page 86
Physiological effects......Page 87
Opioids......Page 88
Suxamethonium......Page 89
Hyperkalaemia......Page 90
Prolonged neuromuscular block......Page 91
Malignant hyperthermia......Page 93
Anaphylaxis......Page 94
Further reading......Page 95
Failed first attempt at tracheal intubation during RSI......Page 97
Use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA)......Page 98
Technique of insertion......Page 100
Can the laryngeal view be improved?......Page 101
Change of practitioner......Page 102
If repeat laryngoscopy fails, but oxygenation is maintained......Page 103
If repeat laryngoscopy fails, and oxygenation is not maintained......Page 104
Needle cricothyroidotomy......Page 106
Technique......Page 107
Summary......Page 108
Further reading......Page 109
Introduction......Page 111
Airway......Page 113
Transport ventilators......Page 115
Disability......Page 118
Transfer to definitive management......Page 119
Equipment......Page 120
Communication......Page 121
Further reading......Page 122
Anatomical......Page 125
Drugs......Page 126
Oropharyngeal airways......Page 127
Facemasks......Page 128
Ayres T-piece......Page 129
Stylets and bougies......Page 130
Laryngoscopy......Page 131
Further reading......Page 134
Cervical spine management......Page 135
Rapid sequence induction in trauma and traumatic brain injury......Page 136
Circulation......Page 138
Neurological injury......Page 139
Transport and monitoring......Page 140
Further reading......Page 141
Indications for intubation......Page 142
Post-intubation care......Page 143
Post-intubation care......Page 144
Cardioversion......Page 145
Anaphylaxis and angio-oedema......Page 146
Introduction......Page 147
Risks to the comatose or convulsing patient......Page 148
Immediate treatment principles......Page 149
The comatose patient......Page 150
Cricoid pressure......Page 151
Adjuvant treatment......Page 152
Further reading......Page 153
Indications......Page 154
Patient access......Page 155
Summary......Page 156
Further reading......Page 157
Modes of non-invasive ventilation......Page 159
Bi-level positive airway pressure......Page 160
Patient suitability......Page 161
Complications......Page 162
Equipment......Page 163
Procedure......Page 164
Failure of non-invasive ventilatory support......Page 165
Summary......Page 166
Acknowledgement......Page 167
The intubation decision......Page 169
Interface with the department of anaesthesia......Page 170
Interface with the paediatric department......Page 171
Further reading......Page 172
Personal audit......Page 173
Skills maintenance......Page 174
Further reading......Page 175
Acknowledgement......Page 177
Index......Page 183