Elements of Aerodynamics : A Concise Introduction to Physical Concepts, 1e

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
To the Student
Preface
About the Companion Website
Chapter 1 Introduction and Approach
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Wing Aerodynamics
	1.2 Necessary Assumptions
	1.3 Units
		1.3.1 Additional Systems of Units with Their Conversion Factors
	Notation
	1.4 Equation of State and Fluid Properties
		1.4.1 Perfect Gas Equation of State
		1.4.2 Viscosity
		1.4.3 Perfect Gas Relations
		1.4.4 Energy (u), Enthalpy (h), and the Ratio of Specific Heats (γ)
		1.4.5 Isentropic Flows
		1.4.6 Mach Number (Ma)
		1.4.7 Standard Atmosphere
	1.5 Other Concepts
		1.5.1 Criterion for Continuum Analysis
		1.5.2 The Most Advantageous Viscous Envelope
		1.5.3 Frame of Reference
	Review Questions
	Problems
	Glossary of Terms and Symbols
Chapter 2 Fluid Dynamic Fundamentals
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Objectives
	2.3 Control Volume Approach
		2.3.1 Notes on Vector Calculus and the Del-Operator ∇( )
		2.3.2 Conservation of Mass (Continuity Equation)
		2.3.3 Momentum Equation (Without Shearing or Gravity Forces)
		2.3.4 Energy
	2.4 Lift, Drag, and Pitching Moment
	2.5 Dimensional Analysis
		2.5.1 Incompressible Flow Results
		2.5.2 Compressibity and Other Effects
		2.5.3 Moment Coefficient
		2.5.4 Pressure Coefficient
	2.6 Small Perturbation Theory in Steady Compressible Flows
	2.7 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 3 Dynamics of Incompressible Flows
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Objectives
	3.3 Elementary Flows
	3.4 Circulation
	3.5 Superposition of Elementary Flows
	3.6 Theorems of Helmholtz and Kelvin
	3.7 Real Flows
	3.8 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 4 Mass, Momentum, and Energy Principles
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Objectives
	4.3 Bernoulli´s Equation
	4.4 Airspeed Indicator
	4.5 Kutta–Joukowski Theorem
	4.6 Pressure–Energy Equation
	4.7 Enrichment Topics
		4.7.1 Aero-Lift-Force Electromagnetic Analogy
		4.7.2 Turbo-Sail Applications to Watercraft
		4.7.3 Spinning Ball Trajectories
	4.8 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 5 Thin Airfoils in Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flow
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Objectives
	5.3 The Vortex Filament
	5.4 Thin Airfoil Theory in Incompressible Flow
	5.5 Symmetric Contribution at Angle of Attack
		5.5.1 Pitching Moment About the Leading Edge
		5.5.2 Center of Pressure and Aerodynamic Center
	5.6 Camber Contribution at Zero Angle of Attack
	5.7 Flapped Symmetric Airfoil at Zero Angle of Attack
	5.8 Enrichment Topics
		5.8.1 Thickness Contribution to the Lift
		5.8.2 Longitudinal stability of a wing
	5.9 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 6 Thin Wings of Finite Span in Incompressible Flow
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Objectives
	6.3 Lifting Line Theory
	6.4 Downwash Velocity and Elliptic Spanwise Lift Distribution
	6.5 Experimental Verification Using Drag Polars
	6.6 Non-elliptic Planforms and Twist
	6.7 Effects of Lifting Line Theory on Airplane Performance
		6.7.1 Optimum Cruising Speed (Maximum L/D)
		6.7.2 The Stall Velocity
		6.7.3 Pitching Moment about the Aerodynamic Center
	6.8 Enrichment Topics
		6.8.1 Sail Iceboats
		6.8.2 Trailing Vortex Effects
	6.9 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 7 Viscous Boundary Layers
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Objectives
	7.3 The Boundary Layer Concept
		7.3.1 Viscous Flow Equations in Incompressible Flow
	7.4 Contributions to Drag
	7.5 Skin-Friction Drag on Airfoils
	7.6 Approximate Viscous Boundary Layer Profiles
		7.6.1 Boundary Layer Separation
	7.7 Enrichment Topics
		7.7.1 Air Brakes
		7.7.2 Hydrofoils
	7.8 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 8 Fundamentals of Compressible Flow
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Objectives
	8.3 Speed of Sound and Mach Waves
	8.4 Steady-State Isentropic Flow
	8.5 Supersonic Flows
		8.5.1 Prandtl–Meyer Flows (Isentropic)
		8.5.2 Oblique Shocks (Non-isentropic)
	8.6 Critical Mach Number
	8.7 Supersonic Flat-plate Airfoils
	8.8 Enrichment Topic
		8.8.1 Drag Under Supersonic Conditions
	8.9 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 9 Thin Airfoils in Compressible Flow
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Objectives
	9.3 Two-Dimensional Compressible Flow Around Thin Airfoils
		9.3.1 Purely Subsonic Flows
		9.3.2 Purely Supersonic Flow Over Two-Dimensional Flat Plates
		9.3.3 Supersonic Flow Moment Coefficient
	9.4 The Mach Number Dependence
	9.5 Supersonic Airfoils
		9.5.1 Rectangular Wings in Supersonic Flow
	9.6 Aircraft Wings in Compressible Flow
		9.6.1 Swept Wings
	9.7 Enrichment Topic
		9.7.1 Classical Forms of the Small Perturbation Equation
	9.8 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 10 Transonic and Hypersonic Aerodynamics
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Objectives
	10.3 Transonic Flow
	10.4 Thick Airfoils for High Subsonic and Transonic Flight
	10.5 Hypersonic Flow
		10.5.1 High Mach Number Gas Effects
		10.5.2 Hypersonic Expansions
		10.5.3 Hypersonic Compressions
		10.5.4 Hypersonic Flow Analysis ``a la´´ Newton
	10.6 Enrichment Topics
		10.6.1 Typifying the Transonic Equation
		10.6.2 Effects of Elevating the Airflow Temperature Surrounding a Flying Vehicle
	10.7 Summary
	Problems
	Check Test
Chapter 11 High-Lift Airfoils in Incompressible Flow
	11.1 Introduction and Approach
	11.2 Objectives
	11.3 Nonlinear Thin Airfoil Theory
		11.3.1 Thin Symmetric Airfoils
		11.3.2 Thin Cambered Airfoils
		11.3.3 Flaps on Symmetric Airfoils at High a
	11.4 Pitching Moment at c/4 and the Aerodynamic Center
	11.5 High-Lift Wing Mechanisms
	11.6 Finite Wings
	11.7 Enrichment Topics
		11.7.1 Power-Assisted Lift
		11.7.2 Comparison of the á-Dependence in Eqs. (5.17), (11.8a), and (11.12) with Data
		11.7.3 Unsteady Flows
		11.7.4 Technology Advances
	11.8 Recapitulation
	Problems
	Check Test
Appendix A Standard Atmosphere SI Units
Appendix B Software
	Software Available from the Internet
Appendix C Equations for Chapters 5 and 6
	The Fourier Sine-Series Formulation
Selected References
	Aerodynamics
	Fluid Mechanics
	Gas Dynamics
	Hypersonics
	Propulsion
	Thermodynamics
	Transonics
	Other Publications
Answers to Selected Problems
	Chapter 1
	Chapter 2
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 7
	Chapter 8
	Chapter 9
	Chapter 10
	Chapter 11
Index
EULA