Elementary Particle Physics: Foundations of the Standard Model V2

Preface XI

Acknowledgments XV

Color Plates XVII

Part One Electroweak Dynamics 1

1 The Standard Model 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Weak Charge and SU(2) x U(1) Symmetry 4

1.3 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 10

1.4 Gauge Interactions 18

1.5 Higgs Interactions 22

1.6 Feynman Rules of Electroweak Theory 23

1.7 Roles of the Higgs in Gauge Theory 28

2 Neutral Current 39

2.1 Discovery of the Neutral Current 39

2.2 ν–e Scattering 41

2.3 νN → ν +X 49

2.4 Parity Violation in the Electromagnetic Processes 54

2.5 Electroweak Unification at High Q2 64

2.6 Asymmetry in the e-e+ → l l, c c, bb 66

2.7 Asymmetry in q C q → l l 76

3 W 81

3.1 Discovery of W,Z 81

3.2 Basic Formulas 87

3.3 Properties of W 93

4 Physics at Z Resonance 109

4.1 Born Approximation 110

4.2 Improved Born Approximation 114

4.3 Experimental Arrangements 125

4.4 Observations 142

4.5 Weinberg Angle and p Parameter 155

5 Precision Tests of the Electroweak Theory 157

5.1 Input Parameters 157

5.2 Renormalization 161

5.3 μ Decay 170

5.4 Improved Born Approximation 176

5.5 Effective Weinberg Angle 181

5.6 Weinberg Angle in the MS Scheme 182

5.7 Beyond the Standard Model 187

6 Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa Matrix 193

6.1 Origin of the CKM Matrix 193

6.2 CKM Matrix Elements 198

6.3 The Unitarity Triangle 205

6.4 Formalism of the Two Neutral Meson System 207

6.5 Theoretical Evaluation of the Mass Matrix 224

6.6 CP Violation in the B Sector 232

6.7 Extraction of the CKM Phases 246

6.8 Test of Unitarity 253

6.9 CP Violation beyond the Standard Model 257

Part Two QCD Dynamics 259

7 QCD 261

7.1 Fundamentals of QCD 264

7.2 Renormalization Group Equation 279

7.3 Gluon Emission 296

8 Deep Inelastic Scattering 307

8.1 Introduction 307

8.2 The Parton Model Revisited 311

8.3 QCD Corrections 319

8.4 DGLAP Evolution Equation 330

8.5 Solutions to the DGLAP Equation 337

8.6 Drell–Yan Process 351

9 Jets and Fragmentations 361

9.1 Partons and Jets 361

9.2 Parton Shower Model 380

9.3 Hadronization Models 384

9.4 Test of the Asymptotic Freedom 398

10 Gluons 417

10.1 Gauge Structure of QCD 417

10.2 Color Coherence 424

10.3 Fragmentation at Small x 430

10.4 Gluon Fragmentation Function 441

10.5 Gluon Jets vs. Quark Jets 445

11 Jets in Hadron Reactions 451

11.1 Introduction 451

11.2 Jet Production with Large pT 452

11.3 2 → 2 Reaction 456

11.4 Jet Clustering in Hadronic Reactions 464

11.5 Reproducibility of the Cross Section 469

11.6 Multijet Productions 472

11.7 Substructure of the Partons? 474

11.8 Vector Particle Production 475

11.9 Heavy Quark Production 484

Appendix A Gamma Matrix Traces and Cross Sections 501

Appendix B Feynman Rules for the Electroweak Theory 507

Appendix C Radiative Corrections to the Gauge Boson Self-Energy 513

Appendix D ’t Hooft’s Gauge 525

Appendix E Fierz Transformation 531

Appendix F Collins–Soper Frame 535

Appendix G Multipole Expansion of the Vertex Function 537

Appendix H SU(N) 543

Appendix I Unitarity Relation 551

Appendix J σ Model and the Chiral Perturbation Theory 563

Appendix K Splitting Function 573

Appendix L Answers to the Problems 583

References 591

Index 607