Electronics-from Classical to Quantum

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Author
Chapter 1 Formulation and Classification of Electronic Devices
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Basic Properties of Semiconductors
		1.2.1 Elements of Semiconductor
		1.2.2 Classification of ICs
	1.3 Design Phase
	1.4 Manufacturing Process
	1.5 Wafer Fabrication
	1.6 Lithography
	1.7 Device Formulation
		1.7.1 Estimating IC Resistance and Capacitance and Uncertainty of Fabrication
			1.7.1.1 Layout Resistance
			1.7.1.2 Layout Capacitance
			1.7.1.3 Uncertainty of Fabrication
	1.8 Summary
	Questions
	References
	Bibliography
Chapter 2 Functional Logics
	2.1 The Logic of a Switch
	2.2 Primitive Logic and Composite Gates
		2.2.1 Combinational and Sequential Logic Circuits
	2.3 Logic Circuits Design
		2.3.1 Design Examples
		2.3.2 Binary Counter and Frequency Divider
		2.3.3 Encoder and Decoder
		2.3.4 Arithmetic Circuits
		2.3.5 Review of Binary Arithmetic
		2.3.6 Binary Adder Circuits
		2.3.7 Ripple-Carry Adder
		2.3.8 Binary Subtractor Circuits
		2.3.9 Binary Multiplier Circuits
		2.3.10 Arithmetic Logic Unit
	2.4 Summary
	Problems
	Bibliography
Chapter 3 Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor
	3.1 Constituents of a Transistor
		3.1.1 Field-Effect Transistor
		3.1.2 Transistor Forward-Active Mode Operation
	3.2 Diode Equation
		3.2.1 Light-Emitting Diodes
	3.3 Transistor Characteristics
		3.3.1 Breakdown Mechanism
	3.4 Basic Transistor Applications
		3.4.1 Switch
		3.4.2 Biasing
			3.4.2.1 DC Biasing Analysis
			3.4.2.2 AC Analysis
	3.5 BJT Small- and Large-Signal Models
		3.5.1 Small-Signal Model
		3.5.2 Determining Resistances: r[sub(π)], r[sub(e)], and r[sub(0)]
		3.5.3 Hybrid-π Model
			3.5.3.1 Amplicatfiion Factor
		3.5.4 T-Model
			3.5.4.1 Impact of Coupling Capacitors
			3.5.4.2 Small-Signal Model for Large Frequency
			3.5.4.3 Selection of Coupling and Bypass Capacitors
		3.5.5 Large-Signal Model
		3.5.6 Large-Signal Model in Saturation
		3.5.7 Ebers–Moll Model
	3.6 Stability Factor
	3.7 Power Dissipation and Efficiency
	3.8 Time-Base Generator
	3.9 Summary
	Problems
	References
Chapter 4 Operational Amplifiers
	4.1 Basic Amplifier Definitions
	4.2 Amplifier Gain
		4.2.1 Ideal Op-Amp Characteristics
			4.2.1.1 Non-Inverting Amplifier
			4.2.1.2 Buffer Amplifier
			4.2.1.3 Inverting Amplifier
		4.2.2 Examples of Inverting Amplifier Circuit Analyses
		4.2.3 Voltage and Power Amplifiers
			4.2.3.1 Operation Circuit
		4.2.4 Summing and Averaging Amplifiers
		4.2.5 Comparator Amplifier and Schmitt Trigger
		4.2.6 Transfer Function: A Review
		4.2.7 Differentiator Amplifier
		4.2.8 Integrator Amplifier
	4.3 Time-Base Generators
		4.3.1 Oscillators and Multivibrators
			4.3.1.1 Basic Oscillator
		4.3.2 Relaxation Oscillator (or Square Wave Generator)
		4.3.3 Monostable Multivibrator
		4.3.4 Triangle Wave Generator
		4.3.5 Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits
			4.3.5.1 Wein Bridge Oscillator
			4.3.5.2 Phase-Shift Oscillator
			4.3.5.3 Crystal Oscillator
			4.3.5.4 Pierce Oscillator
			4.3.5.5 Miller Effect
	4.4 Summary
	Problems
	References
Chapter 5 MOS Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) Circuits
	5.1 Basic Structure of MOSFET
	5.2 MOSFET Characteristics
	5.3 MOSFET’s Small-Signal and Large-Signal Models
		5.3.1 Small-Signal Model for MOSFET
		5.3.2 MOSFET Device Capacitances
		5.3.3 Large-Signal Model of MOSFET
		5.3.4 MOSFET Logic Circuits
	5.4 Summary
	Problems
	References
	Bibliography
Chapter 6 CMOS Circuits
	6.1 Noise
	6.2 CMOS Basic Structure
		6.2.1 Implementing CMOS Logic Circuits
			6.2.1.1 Dynamic Behavior of CMOS Inverter
			6.2.1.2 NOR
			6.2.1.3 NAND
			6.2.1.4 CMOS SR Flip-Flops
			6.2.1.5 Ratioed Logic
			6.2.1.6 Complex CMOS Logic Circuits
			6.2.1.7 Layout of CMOS Logics
	6.3 Dynamic CMOS logic
		6.3.1 Issues with CMOS as Electronic Switch
		6.3.2 Propagation Delay of a Chain of Transmission (Pass) Gates
	6.4 Large-Scale Integration and Fabrication of CMOS Transistors
	6.5 Summary
	Problems
	References
	Bibliography
Chapter 7 Data Conversion Process
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Sampling Theorem
	7.3 Quantization Process
	7.4 ADC and DAC
		7.4.1 A/D Conversion Circuits
		7.4.2 Flash or Parallel ADC
		7.4.3 The Charge-Redistribution Converter
			7.4.3.1 Basic Concept of S/H
			7.4.3.2 Charge-Redistribution Successive Approximation
		7.4.4 D/A Conversion Techniques
	7.5 Summary
	Problems
	References
Chapter 8 Nanomaterials, Nanoelectronics, and Nanofabrication Technology
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Nanomaterials
	8.3 Nanoelectronics
	8.4 Nanofabrication
	8.5 Summary
	Problems
	References
Chapter 9 Elements of Quantum Electronics
	9.1 Introduction to Basic Quantum Principles
		9.1.1 What is a Qubit?
		9.1.2 What is Quantum Coherence?
	9.2 Associated Operators of Spins and Angular Momentum: An Overview
		9.2.1 Axioms and Vector Spaces
		9.2.2 Product Spaces
		9.2.3 Qubits in State Space
	9.3 Quantum Electronics: What is it?
	9.4 Quantum Gates and Circuits
		9.4.1 Elementary Quantum Logic Gates
			9.4.1.1 Buffer and NOT Gates
			9.4.1.2 XOR Gates (CNOT or C-NOT Gates)
			9.4.1.3 OR, AND, and NAND Gates
		9.4.2 Quantum Circuits
			9.4.2.1 Adders
			9.4.2.2 Quantum Comparator Circuits
			9.4.2.3 Quantum Multiplier Circuits
		9.4.3 Quantum Error-Correction Scheme
			9.4.3.1 But How Do We Describe a Quantum Error?
		9.4.4 Quantum Cryptography
			9.4.4.1 How Do We Exchange Cryptographic Keys?
	9.5 Fabrication of Quantum Gates
		9.5.1 Tunnel Junctions
		9.5.2 Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
			9.5.2.1 QCA Basics
			9.5.2.2 QCA Gates
			9.5.2.3 QCA Circuits
			9.5.2.4 Fabrication of QCA Circuits
	9.6 Summary
	Problems
	References
Appendix A: Notations
Appendix B: Glossary of Terms
Index