Electrocatalytic Materials

Cover
Half Title
Electrocatalytic Materials
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Electrocatalytic Materials: Concept and Perspective
	High-Entropy Coordination Compounds and Their Derivatives as Electrocatalytic Materials
		1. Introduction
		2. High-Entropy Coordination Compounds and Their Derivatives as Electrocatalysts for Water-Splitting
			2.1 High-Entropy Coordination Compounds as Electrocatalysts for Water-Splitting
			2.2 High-Entropy Materials Derived from High-Entropy Coordination Compounds as Electrocatalysts for Water-Splitting
		3. High-Entropy Coordination Compounds and Derivatives as Electrocatalysts for Urea Oxidation Reaction (UOR)
		4. High-Entropy Coordination Compounds and Derivatives for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
		5. HE-CCs and Derivatives for Li–S Catalysts
		6. Conclusion
		References
	Carbon Nanotubes as an Effective Electrocatalytic Material
		1. Introduction
		2. Properties of CNTs and Its Suitability as Electrocatalytic Material
		3. Synthesis of CNTs
			3.1 Arc-Discharge Method
			3.2 Laser Ablation Method
			3.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition
		4. Electrocatalytic Applications of CNTs
			4.1 CNTs as Sensors
			4.2 CNTs as Batteries
			4.3 CNTs in Organic Synthesis
			4.4 CNTs in Hydrogen Production
			4.5 CNTs in Fuel Cells
		5. Challenges and Future Perspectives
			5.1 Structural Complexity and Synthesis Challenges
			5.2 Stability and Durability Under Operating Conditions
			5.3 Scalability and Cost-Effectiveness
			5.4 Integration and Interface Engineering
		6. Future Perspectives
		7. Conclusions
		References
	Graphene and Its Perspective Application as Electrocatalytic Materials
		1. Introduction
			1.1 Properties of rGO
			1.2 Structure of Graphene: A Marvel of Two-Dimensional Carbon
			1.3 Similar Materials
		2. Synthesis of rGO
		3. Review
		4. Applications of Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts
			4.1 Hydrogen Production for Clean Energy
			4.2 Water Purification and Desalination
			4.3 Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Environmental Monitoring
			4.4 Energy Storage Devices
			4.5 Carbon Dioxide Reduction
			4.6 Industrial Catalysis
			4.7 Flexible Electronics and Wearable Devices
			4.8 Space Exploration
			4.9 Educational and Research Tools
			4.10 Agricultural and Environmental Applications
		5. Future Scope of Graphene-Based Electrocatalytic Materials for Electrochemical Water Splitting
			5.1 Designing Novel Composites for Enhanced Performance
			5.2 Scalability and Cost-Effectiveness
			5.3 Integration with Renewable Energy Systems
			5.4 Exploration Beyond Graphene
			5.5 Understanding Molecular-Level Reaction Mechanisms
			5.6 Innovations in Catalyst Design
			5.7 Real-Time Performance Characterization
			5.8 Technological Integration and Sector Adoption
			5.9 Environmental and Sustainability Considerations
			5.10 Global Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing
		6. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
			6.1 Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7)
			6.2 Climate Action (SDG 13)
			6.3 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9)
			6.4 Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6)
			6.5 Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8)
			6.6 Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11)
			6.7 Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17)
		7. Conclusion
		References
	Graphene-Based Electrocatalytic Materials for Fuel Cells
		1. Overview of Fuel Cell
			1.1 The Role of Electrocatalysts and Supporting Material in Fuel Cells
			1.2 Performance Characteristics of Fuel Cells
		2. Characteristics of Graphene and Its Derivatives
			2.1 Synthesis of Graphene-Based Materials
			2.2 Surface Functionalization Versus Chemical Modification
		3. Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells
			3.1 Graphene-Based Cathode Electrocatalysts
			3.2 Graphene-Based Anode Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells
		4. Challenges and Future Perspectives
			4.1 Challenges
			4.2 Future Perspectives
		5. Conclusion
		References
	Metal Oxide-Based Materials for Urea Oxidation Reaction
		1. Introduction
		2. Fundamentals of UEC
			2.1 Reaction Mechanism
			2.2 Evaluation Parameters of Electrocatalytic Activity
		3. Metal Oxide-Based Urea Electrocatalysts
			3.1 Noble Metal Oxides
			3.2 Nickel Oxide-Based Compounds
			3.3 Cobalt Oxide
			3.4 Copper Oxide
			3.5 Manganese Oxide
			3.6 Iron Oxide
			3.7 Ferrites
			3.8 Metal Tungstate
			3.9 Perovskites
		4. Challenges and Future Opportunities
		5. Conclusion
		References
	Metal Oxide-Based Electrocatalytic Materials
		1. Introduction
		2. Metal Oxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)
			2.1 Perovskite Metal Oxides
			2.2 Spinel Metal Oxide
			2.3 Layer Metal Oxy-hydroxides
		3. Metal Oxides for HER
			3.1 Mixed Metal Oxide
			3.2 Perovskite Oxides
			3.3 Layer Double Hydroxides/Oxyhydroxide
			3.4 Non-metal Doping in Metal Oxides
			3.5 Metal Oxides for Overall Water Splitting
		4. Summary and Conclusion
		References
	Optimizing the Electrocatalytic Discovery with Machine Learning as a Novel Paradigm
		1. Introduction
		2. Overview of Machine Learning Techniques
		3. Applications of ML in Materials Science and Chemistry
		4. Potential for ML in Electrocatalytic Discovery
		5. Machine Learning Models for Electrocatalyst Optimization
		6. Property Prediction for Catalyst Screening
		7. Structure–Property Relationships in Electrocatalysis
		8. Quantum Mechanics-Inspired ML Models
		9. Accelerating Catalyst Design and Synthesis
		10. Unraveling Reaction Mechanisms with ML
		11. Future Directions and Emerging Trends
		12. Conclusion
		References
Electrocatalytic Materials for Sustainable Energy
	Earth-Abundant Electrocatalytic Material for Electrochemical Water Splitting
		1. Introduction
		2. Reaction Mechanism of Water Splitting
			2.1 Mechanism of HER
			2.2 Mechanism of OER
		3. Volcano Plot
		4. Short Overview of the Evaluation Parameters
			4.1 Overpotential
			4.2 Tafel Slope and Exchange Current Density
			4.3 Turn Over Frequency
			4.4 Stability
			4.5 Faradaic Efficiency
		5. Diverse Strategies to Enhance the Electrochemical Performance of Transition Metal-Based Compounds
			5.1 Doping/Elemental Incorporation/Alloying
			5.2 Defect Engineering
			5.3 Structure Engineering
			5.4 Phase Engineering and Coupling with Conductive Substrate
		6. HER Electrocatalyst
			6.1 Transition Metals and Their Alloys for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
			6.2 Transition Metal Phosphides
			6.3 Transition Metal Chalcogenide
			6.4 Transition Metal Nitrides
			6.5 Transition Metal Carbide
			6.6 Transition Metal Borides
		7. Electro-catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
			7.1 Metal Oxide
			7.2 Transition Metal Hydroxide/Oxyhydroxide/Layer Structure Hydroxide
			7.3 Transition Metal Derived Compounds for OER
		8. Summary and Future Perspectives
		References
	Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Electrocatalytic Materials For Electrochemical Water Splitting
		1. Introduction
		2. Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots
			2.1 Top-Down Approach
			2.2 Bottom Up Approach
		3. Electrochemical Water-Splitting
			3.1 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)
			3.2 Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)
		4. Conclusion and Future Prospects
		References
	Graphene-Based Electrocatalytic Materials Towards Electrochemical Water Splitting
		1. Introduction
		2. Strategies and Methods to Improve Catalytic Properties of Graphene Based Materials
			2.1 Surface Functionalization
			2.2 Defect and Edge Tailoring
			2.3 Porous Structure and Morphology Engineering
			2.4 Support Effects
		3. Graphene as a Material for ECWS
			3.1 Graphene
			3.2 Graphene Quantum Dots
			3.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide
			3.4 Doped Graphene
		4. Graphene as Support for ECWS
			4.1 Metal Oxide/Graphene Hybrids
			4.2 Metal Sulfide/Graphene Hybrids
			4.3 Metal Selenide/Graphene Hybrids
			4.4 Metal Phosphide/Graphene Hybrids
			4.5 Metal Carbide/Graphene Hybrids
			4.6 Metal Phosphate or Borate/Graphene Hybrids
			4.7 Polymer/Graphene Hybrids
		5. Summary and Future Perspectives
		References
	Metal Oxide-Based Electrocatalytic Materials for Overall Water Splitting
		1. Introduction
		2. Fundamentals of Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
			2.1 Overall Water Splitting (OWS)
		3. Metal Oxides for Overall Water Splitting
			3.1 Single Metal Oxides (SMOs) for Overall Water Splitting
			3.2 Binary Metal Oxides (BMOs) for Overall Water Splitting
			3.3 Ternary Metal Oxides (TrMOs) for Overall Water Splitting
			3.4 Mixed Metal Oxides (MMOs) for Overall Water Splitting
			3.5 High Entropy Metal Oxides (HEMOs) for Overall Water Splitting
			3.6 Doped Metal Oxides (DMOs) for Overall Water Splitting
			3.7 Heterostructured Metal Oxides (HMOs) for Overall Water Splitting
		4. Summary, Future Perspective, and Conclusions
		References
	Metal–Organic Framework as Electrocatalyst in Electrochemical Water Splitting
		1. Introduction
		2. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
			2.1 Historical Development of Metal–Organic Frameworks
			2.2 Background of Metal–Organic Frameworks
			2.3 Advantages of MOFs as Catalyst
			2.4 Synthesis Methods of Pristine Metal–Organic Frameworks
		3. MOF-Based Electrocatalyst for Electrochemical Water Splitting
			3.1 Pristine MOF
			3.2 Composite
		4. Derived MOFs
			4.1 Heteroatom Doped Carbon
			4.2 Single Atom Doped Carbon
			4.3 Alloy Doped Carbon
			4.4 Transition Metal Compound Doped Carbon
			4.5 Composite
		5. Challenges and Future Opportunities
		6. Summary
		References
	A Novel on Performance Analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System with Metaheuristic Optimization Based MPPT Controller
		1. Introduction
		2. Working of PEMFS
		3. Design of Metaheuristic Controllers
		4. Proposed Interleaved Three Stage DC-DC Converter
		5. Analysis of Simulation Results
		6. Conclusion
		References
	Numerical Simulation of Methylammonium Tin Bromide Based Perovskite Solar Cells
		1. Introduction
		2. Numerical Simulation and Device Modeling
		3. Results and Discussions
			3.1 Influence of Temperature
			3.2 Influence of Absorber Layer Thickness at Optimized Temperature
			3.3 Influence of Doping Concentration of Absorber Layer at Optimized Temperature and Thickness
			3.4 Improvement in the Cell After Optimization
		4. Conclusions
		References
Electrocatalytic Materials in a Broad Spectrum: Sensors and Other Potential Applications
	Nanotechnology Carriers for the Management, Electrochemical Detection and Diagnosis of Glaucoma
		1. Introduction
		2. Glaucoma
		3. Classification of Glaucoma
			3.1 Primary Glaucomas
			3.2 Secondary Glaucomas
		4. Blood Retinal Barrier: A Major Obstacle for Glaucoma Drug
		5. Factors Responsible for Glaucoma Generation
		6. Need of NDDS
		7. Current Treatments for Strategies for Glaucoma
			7.1 Medical Treatment for Glaucoma
			7.2 Surgical-Based Approach for Glaucoma Management
		8. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for the Treatment of Glaucoma
			8.1 Liposomes
			8.2 Niosomes
			8.3 Hydrogel
			8.4 Dendrimers
			8.5 Nano-Emulsion
		9. Electrochemical Detection of Glaucoma
		10. Future Perspective of NDDS
		11. Conclusion
		References
	Exploring Chitosan Hydrogels: Electrochemical Detection to Biomedical Applications
		1. Introduction
		2. Applications of Chitosan Hydrogels
			2.1 Applications in Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing
			2.2 Applications in Drug Delivery
			2.3 Applications in Wound Healing
			2.4 Applications in Tissue Engineering
		3. Conclusion
		References
	Effect of Micro and Nano Reinforcement Materials on Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites
		1. Introduction
		2. Metal Matrix Composites
		3. Metal Matrix Nano-Composites
		4. Effect of Process Route and Process Parameters
			4.1 Effect of Process Routs on Mechanical Properties of MMCs
			4.2 Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of MMCs
			4.3 Effect of Reinforcement Materials on Mechanical Properties of MMCs
		5. Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites
		6. Effect of Micro and Nano Reinforcement Materials on Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites
		7. Summary
		References
	Liquid Chromatography and Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Based Detection of Vilazodone from Biological Matrices
		1. Introduction
		2. Material and Methods
			2.1 Chemical Utilized
			2.2 Quality Controls and Internal Standards
			2.3 Preparedness of Simulated/artificial Matrices
			2.4 LC–MS/MS Condition
		3. Results and Discussions
			3.1 Optimization of QuEChERS Method
			3.2 Implementation of Instrumentation Condition
			3.3 Qualification of Calibration Model and Validation Parameters
			3.4 Method Validation
			3.5 Imprecision and Recovery
			3.6 Interference, Carryover and Matrix Effect
		4. Conclusions
		References
	Electrocatalytic Materials in Physiotherapy: Advancing Rehabilitation and Pain Management
		1. Introduction to Electrocatalytic Materials in Physiotherapy
			1.1 Understanding Electrocatalytic Materials
			1.2 Evolution of Electrocatalytic Materials in Physiotherapy
			1.3 Significance and Scope in Rehabilitation and Pain Management
		2. Fundamentals of Electrocatalysis and Physiotherapy
			2.1 Principles of Electrocatalysis
			2.2 Physiotherapy Techniques and Their Impact
			2.3 Intersection of Electrocatalysis and Physiotherapeutic Practices
		3. Electrochemical Mechanisms in Pain Management
			3.1 Understanding Pain Perception and Electrochemical Pathways
			3.2 Role of Electrocatalytic Materials in Pain Alleviation
			3.3 Applications of Electrocatalysis for Effective Pain Relief in Physiotherapy Settings
		4. Electrocatalytic Materials in Rehabilitation
			4.1 Enhancing Muscle Recovery and Regeneration
			4.2 Utilizing Electrocatalysis for Neurological Rehabilitation
			4.3 Electrochemical Solutions for Tissue Healing and Repair
		5. Advances and Innovations in Electrocatalytic Materials
			5.1 Cuttingedge Materials in Physiotherapy
			5.2 Future Trends and Potential Applications
			5.3 Challenges and Opportunities
		6. Case Studies and Practical Implementations
			6.1 Real World Applications of Electrocatalytic Materials
			6.2 Success Stories in Rehabilitation
			6.3 Integration of Electrocatalysis into Pain Management
		7. Ethical Considerations and Safety Measures
			7.1 Ensuring Safety in Electrocatalytic Physiotherapy
			7.2 Ethical Guidelines and Regulations
			7.3 Balancing Innovation with Patient Wellbeing
		8. Alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
		References
	Green Battery: Sustainable Way of Energy Storage
		1. Introduction
			1.1 Green Batteries and Components of Green Batteries
			1.2 Criteria of an Efficient Electrocatalytic Material Towards Applicability in Green Batteries
			1.3 Green Batteries Versus Traditional Batteries
			1.4 Recent Strategies Towards Sustainability of Batteries
			1.5 Metal Air Batteries (MABs)
			1.6 Edible/Gastric Batteries
		2. Traditional Batteries and Their Effects on Ecosystem
			2.1 Silver Oxide Battery
			2.2 NiMH Batteries and Lithium-Ion Batteries
		3. The Need of Green Batteries
		4. Green Batteries: The Futuristic Batteries
		5. Green Battery Contribution Towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
		6. Conclusion
		References