Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review: A Companion to Cardiac Electrophysiology

Front Cover
Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review
Copyright Page
Dedications
Preface
Contents
1 Important Concepts
	P Wave
	P-R Interval and P-R Segment
	QRS Wave
	Q Waves
	Intraventricular Conduction Abnormalities
	Fragmented QRS Complexes
	Bundle Branch Block and Fascicular Blocks
	Multifascicular Block
	Fascicular Block
	J Point and J Wave
	U Wave
	ST-T Waves
	Q-T Interval
	Left and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
	Right-Sided Precordial Lead Placement
	Generalized Low Voltage
	Coronary Artery Disease
	QRS Alternans and T Wave Alternans
	Electrolyte Imbalance
		Hypokalemia
		Hyperkalemia
	Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
	Gap Phenomenon
	Parasystole
	Concealed Conduction
		Concealment at the Atrioventricular Nodal Level
	Concealed Conduction at the His-Purkinje Level
	Unexpected Facilitation of Conduction
	Supernormal Conduction
	Bibliography
2 Sinus Node Dysfunction
	Sinus Arrhythmia
	Ventriculophasic Sinus Arrhythmia
	Sinoatrial Exit Block
	Chronotropic Incompetence
	Sinus Tachycardia
	Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome And Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia
	Bibliography
3 Atrioventricular Conduction Abnormalities
	Pathophysiology of Atrioventricular Block
	First-Degree Atrioventricular Block
	Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block Type 1
	Atypical Type I Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block
	Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block Type 2
	Atrioventricular Block
	Advanced Atrioventricular Block
	Third-Degree (Complete) Atrioventricular Block
		Congenital Heart Block
	Alternate Left Bundle Branch Block and Right Bundle Branch Block, or Right Bundle Block with Alternate Fascicular Block
	Exercise-Induced Heart Block and Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Block
	Atrioventricular Dissociation
	Ventriculophasic Sinus Arrhythmia
	Bibliography
4 Junctional Rhythm
	Junctional Escape Rhythm
	Junctional Tachycardia
	References
5 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
	Supraventricular Tachycardia
	Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
	Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
	References
6 Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardias
	Concealed Accessory Pathways and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Variants
	Localization of Accessory Pathway Based on the Electrocardiogram Patterns
	Latent Accessory Pathways
	Effect of Bundle Branch Block on the Tachycardia Cycle Length During Orthodromic Reciprocating Tachycardia
	Atrial Arrhythmias in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death
	Intermittent Preexcitation
	Multiple Accessory Pathways
	Congenital Anomaly and Inherited Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
	Variants Of Preexcitation
	Electrocardiogram Characteristics of Orthodromic Reciprocating Tachycardia Caused by Concealed Accessory Pathways
	References
7 Atrial Tachycardia
	P and QRS Relationship During Atrial Tachycardia
	Effect of Drug Therapy on Atrial Tachycardia and Atrial Flutter
	Localization of Focal Atrial Tachycardias
	Right Atrial Tachycardia
		Sinus Node Reentry Tachycardia
		Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia
		Cristal Atrial Tachycardia
		Tricuspid Annular and Lateral Right Atrial Tachycardia
	Septal Atrial Tachycardia and Atrial Tachycardias Originating from Coronary Sinus
		High Septal Atrial Tachycardia
		Midseptal Atrial Tachycardia
		Posteroseptal Atrial Tachycardia
		Aortic Cusp
	Left Atrial Tachycardia
		Atrial Tachycardias Arising From Mitral Annulus, Left Atrial Appendage, and Coronary Sinus1
		Atrial Tachycardias Arising From Pulmonary Veins
	References
8 Atrial Flutter
	Atypical Atrial Flutters
	References
9 Atrial Fibrillation
	Regular Ventricular Rate During Atrial Fibrillation
	Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
	QRS Morphology During Atrial Fibrillation
	Atrial Fibrillation With Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
	Tachycardia-Induced Tachycardia
	Autonomic-Mediated Atrial Fibrillation
	References
10 Wide Complex Tachycardia
	References
11 Ventricular Tachycardia in the Absence of Structural Heart Disease
	Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia
		Adenosine-Sensitive Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia
		Sites of Origin of Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia
			Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Ventricular Tachycardia
			Pulmonary Artery Ventricular Tachycardia
			Right Septal Ventricular Tachycardia
			Parahisian Ventricular Tachycardia
			Right Free Wall Ventricular Tachycardia
			Tricuspid Annular Ventricular Tachycardia
			Left-Sided Ventricular Tachycardias
			Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Ventricular Tachycardias
			Mitral Annular Ventricular Tachycardia
			Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia Originating From the Papillary Muscles
			Aortic Cusp Ventricular Tachycardia
			Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia
			Epicardial Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Ventricular Tachycardia
			Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardias Originating From the Coronary Sinus and Cardiac Veins
			Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardias Originating From the Crux of the Heart
			Right Ventricular Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia
		Verapamil-Sensitive Idiopathic Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia
	References
12 Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease
	History, Physical Examination, And Baseline ECG
	Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia In Coronary Artery Disease
	Baseline ECG
	Bundle Branch Block–Like Pattern
	QRS Axis
	QRS Concordance
	QS Complexes During Ventricular Tachycardia
	Focal Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia In Coronary Artery Disease
	Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia And Ventricular Fibrillation In Coronary Artery Disease
	Bundle Branch Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia
	Ventricular Tachycardia In Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
	Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia In Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
	Ventricular Tachycardia in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
	Ventricular Tachycardia Late After Repair Of Congenital Heart Disease
	Ventricular Tachycardia In Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices
	References
13 Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation in the Absence of Structural Heart Disease
	Inherited And Acquired Long QT Syndrome And Torsades De Pointes
		Long QT Syndrome 7 (Andersen-Tawil Syndrome)
		Long QT Syndrome 8 (Timothy Syndrome)
		Long QT Syndrome and Other Associated Cardiac Abnormalities
		Acquired Long QT Syndrome
			Electrolyte Imbalance
				Hypokalemia
				Hypocalcemia
				Hypomagnesemia
			Drug Induced
				Antiarrhythmic Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome
	Cerebrovascular Accidents
	Short QT Syndrome
	Brugada Syndrome
	Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
	Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation
	Short-Coupled Torsades De Pointes
	Asynchronous Pacing-Induced Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
	References
Index