Electrical machines

Title
Contents
Part 1 Generalised Treatment DC Machines and Transformers
	1. Generalised Treatment of Electrical Machines
		Objectives
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Defi nition of Motor and Generator
		1.3 Basic Principle of a Generator and a Motor
		1.4 Torque Due to Non-alignment of Two Magnetic Fields and the Concept of Torque Angle
		Exercises 1A
		1.5 Basic Electromagnetic Laws
		1.6 Emf Induced in a Coil Rotating in a Magnetic Field
		Exercises 1B
		1.7 Elementary Concept of an Electrical Machine
		Exercises 1C
		1.8 Classifi cation of Main Types of Electrical Machines
		1.9 Excitation Systems in Electrical Machines
		1.10 Voltage Generated in Electrical Machines
		1.11 Generalised Torque Equation for Rotating Machines
		1.12 Common Features of Rotating Electrical Machines
		1.13 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Process—Concept of Energy and Co-Energy
		1.14 Generalised Electrical Machine
		Model Questions
		Laboratory Experiments
		Solutions of the Exercise Problems
	2. Direct Current Machines
		Objectives
		2.1 Main Constructional Features
		2.2 Function of Commutator for Motoring and Generating Action
		2.3 Armature Winding
		2.4 Factors Determining Induced Emf
		2.5 Factors Determining Electromagnetic Torque
		2.6 Principles of Generating and Motoring Action and Relationship between Terminal Voltage and Induced Emf
		2.7 Factors Determining the Speed of a dc Motor
		2.8 Different Types of Excitation
		2.9 Performance and Characteristics of Different Types of dc Machines
		2.10 Starting of dc Motors and Motor Starters
		2.11 Speed Control of dc Motors
		2.12 Armature Reaction and Commutation
		2.13 Losses and Effi ciency
		2.14 Electric Braking of dc Motors and Four Quadrant Operation
		2.15 Permanent Magnet dc Motors
		2.16 Applications of dc Machines
		2.17 Maintenance of dc Machines
		Model Questions
		Laboratory Experiments
	3. Transformers
		Objectives
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Applications of Transformers
		3.3 Constructional Details
		3.4 Emf Equation of a Transformer
		3.5 Transient in-Rush Current in a Transformer
		3.6 Phasor Diagram and Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer
		3.7 Voltage Regulation of a Transformer
		3.8 Losses in a Transformer
		3.9 Effi ciency—Condition for Maximum Effi ciency and All-Day Effi ciency
		3.10 Autotransformers
		3.11 Instrument Transformers
		3.12 Testing of Transformers
		3.13 Installation and Maintenance of Transformers
		3.14 Terminal Markings, Position of Terminals, Rating and Rating Plates
		3.15 Parallel Operation of Transformers
		3.16 Per-Unit Representation of Values
		3.17 Three-Phase Transformers
		3.18 Parallel Operation of Three-Phase Transformers
		3.19 Transformation from Three-Phase to Two-Phase and Six-Phase
		3.20 Transformer Tap Changing
		3.21 Power Transformers and Distribution Transformers
		Model Questions
		Laboratory Experiments
Part 2 Induction Machines, Synchronous Machines, Fractional Kilowatt Motors and Power Converters
	4. Three-Phase Induc� on Machines
		Objectives
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Construction
		4.3 Working Principle of a Three-Phase Induction Motor
		4.4 Production of Rotating Magnetic Field with Three-Phase Winding and a Three-Phase Supply
		4.5 Rotor Frequency, Rotor Induced Emf, Rotor Current and Power Factor
		4.6 Power Flow Diagram for an Induction Motor
		4.7 Factors Determining Torque and Torque-Slip Characteristic
		4.8 Effect of Variation of Rotor Resistance on the Torque-Slip Characteristic
		4.9 Condition for Maximum Torque and the Value of Maximum Torque
		4.10 Starting Torque
		4.11 Starting of Induction Motors
		4.12 Current and Power Factor
		4.13 Motoring Generating and Plugging Modes of Operation
		4.14 Speed Control of Induction Motor
		4.15 Losses and Effi ciency
		4.16 Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor and its Use
		4.17 Circle Diagram of an Induction Motor
		4.18 Operation of Induction Machine as Induction Generator
		4.19 Crawling of Induction Motors
		4.20 Cogging
		4.21 Induction Regulator
		4.22 Linear Induction Motor
		4.23 Testing of Induction Motors
		4.24 Installation and Preventive Maintenance of Induction Motors
		4.25 Recommended Maintenance Schedule
		4.26 Applications of Induction Machines
		Model Questions
		Laboratory Experiments
	5. Three-Phase Synchronous Machines
		Objectives
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Generation of Single-Phase and Polyphase Emfs
		5.3 Constructional Details of a Three-Phase Synchronous Machine
		5.4 Three-Phase Windings
		5.5 Induced Emf in a Synchronous Machine
		5.6 Synchronous Generator on No-Load
		5.7 Synchronous Generator on Load
		5.8 Synchronous Impedance and Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator
		5.9 Power Relationships
		5.10 Power Angle Characteristics of Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Generator
		5.11 Voltage Regulation of a Synchronous Generator
		5.12 Determination of Regulation of a Synchronous Generator
		5.13 A Synchronous Generator Independently Supplying a Load
		5.14 Synchronous Generators Connected in Parallel to Supply a Common Load
		5.15 Salient Pole Synchronous Machine—Two-Reaction Model
		5.16 Determination of xd and xq from Slip-Test
		5.17 Synchronous Machine Working as a Motor
		5.18 Hunting
		5.19 Effect of Change of Excitation of a Synchronous Motor Driving a Constant Load
		5.20 Synchronous Condenser
		5.21 Starting of Synchronous Motors
		5.22 Capability Curve of a Synchronous Generator
		5.23 Applications of Synchronous Machines
		Model Questions
		Laboratory Experiments
	6. Single-Phase Motors
		Objectives
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Single-Phase Induction Motors
		6.3 Equivalent Circuit of a Single-Phase Induction Motor
		6.4 Testing of Single-Phase Induction Motors
		6.5 Performance Calculations of Single-Phase Induction Motors
		6.6 Single-Phase Synchronous Motors
		6.7 Commutator-Type Single-Phase Motors
		6.8 Stepper Motors
		6.9 Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM)
		6.10 Tachometers
		6.11 Servo Motors
		Model Questions
		Laboratory Experiments
	7. Power Converters
		Objectives
		7.1 Mercury Arc Rectifi ers
		7.2 Synchronous Converters
		7.3 Selenium Rectifi er
		7.4 Thyristor Power Converters
		Model Questions
Index