eLearning and Mobile Learning - Concept and Script: Handbook for Media Authors and Project Managers

Foreword
Preface to the 3rd Edition
Contents
About the Author
1 How Does the Script Go From Film to eLearning?
	Abstract
2 Who Takes a Stand in the Production of eLearning?
	Abstract
	2.1	Overview of Project Phases
		2.1.1	Project Initialization
		2.1.2	Briefing
		2.1.3	Conception
		2.1.4	Script and Script Approval
		2.1.5	Beta Version and Project Completion
	2.2	The “Makers” Introduce Themselves
		2.2.1	Media Author
		2.2.2	Project Manager of a Multimedia Agency
		2.2.3	Project Initiator
		2.2.4	Software Developer
		2.2.5	Screen Designer
		2.2.6	Graphic Designer
		2.2.7	Animator
	References
3 Briefing: What Content should Go into the Script?
	Abstract
	3.1	Preparations
		3.1.1	The Client Prepares
			3.1.1.1 Identifying the Initial Situation and Problem
			3.1.1.2 Creating a Requirement Profile and Target Objective
			3.1.1.3 Describing the Target Group
			3.1.1.4 Analyzing and Bundling Learning Content
			3.1.1.5 Compiling Resources
		3.1.2	Preparation by the Agency Project Manager
		3.1.3	Preparation by the Media Author
			3.1.3.1 Gathering Information about the Client
			3.1.3.2 Knowing and Communicating Analysis Methods
			3.1.3.3 Compiling Suggestions for the Rough Concept
			3.1.3.4 Keeping Expertise Up to Date
			3.1.3.5 Defining Capacities
	3.2	The Briefing is Teamwork
		3.2.1	The Role of the Media Author in the Team
		3.2.2	The Role of a Project Manager in a Multimedia Agency Team
		3.2.3	The Role of the Client in the Team
	3.3	Aspects of Consultation
		3.3.1	Didactic Approach
		3.3.2	Comparison of eLearning Formats
			3.3.2.1 Computer-Based Training (CBT) and Web-Based Training (WBT)
			3.3.2.2 Learning Platforms
			3.3.2.3 Comparison of the Most Important eLearning Methods
		3.3.3	How to Convince the Decision-Makers?
		3.3.4	How to Motivate the Target Group?
			3.3.4.1 Establishing a Solid Works Agreement
			3.3.4.2 Creating a Vibrant Learning Culture
			3.3.4.3 Engaging Learners through Appealing Design
			3.3.4.4 Attracting Learners with the Right Incentives
		3.3.5	How Long Does the Production Take?
		3.3.6	What costs are incurred?
	3.4	The Script Acceptance
		3.4.1	Technical Changes Contributions
		3.4.2	Correcting Spelling
		3.4.3	Debating Over the Wording
		3.4.4	Documenting Changes with Change Request Lists
	References
4 Conception: How is Structure Brought Into the Contents?
	Abstract
	4.1	The Rough Concept
		4.1.1	Contents of the Rough Concept
			4.1.1.1 Initial Situation
			4.1.1.2 Learning Content
			4.1.1.3 Target Group
			4.1.1.4 Learning Objectives
			4.1.1.5 Teaching Approach
			4.1.1.6 Structure
			4.1.1.7 Navigation
			4.1.1.8 Design
			4.1.1.9 Media
			4.1.1.10 Technology
		4.1.2	Tools for Creating a Rough Concept
	4.2	Detailed Concept
		4.2.1	Contents of the Detailed Concept
		4.2.2	Developing and Formulating Detailed Learning Objectives
	4.3	Specifications
		4.3.1	Elements of a Generally Valid Specification sheet
		4.3.2	Elements of a Specification Sheet as a Production Contract
	References
5 What does a Good eLearning Script look like?
	Abstract
	5.1	What Components does a Script have?
		5.1.1	Elements and Media of a Script
	5.2	Writing for eLearning
		5.2.1	Creating Screen Texts
			5.2.1.1 Structure of Screen Texts
			5.2.1.2 Headings
			5.2.1.3 Comprehensibility
		5.2.2	Formulating Spoken Texts
			5.2.2.1 Interaction with Screen Texts
			5.2.2.2 Rules for Formulation
			5.2.2.3 Tonality
			5.2.2.4 Directing Instructions
			5.2.2.5 Lead Character
		5.2.3	Describing Images
			5.2.3.1 How does a Scribble work?
			5.2.3.2 Basic Principles for Effective Scribbles
			5.2.3.3 Tools for Effective Scribbles
			5.2.3.4 Implementing Scribbles
			5.2.3.5 Terminology in the World of Photography and Film
		5.2.4	Formulation and Description of Tasks
	5.3	Types of Visualisation
		5.3.1	Graphics
			5.3.1.1 Other Types of Graphics
			5.3.1.2 Vector Graphics
			5.3.1.3 Bitmap Graphics
		5.3.2	Photography
			5.3.2.1 Applications of Photos
			5.3.2.2 Implementation Examples of Photos in an eLearning Application
			5.3.2.3 Communication Examples for Photos
		5.3.3	Animations
			5.3.3.1 Applications of Animations
		5.3.4	Learning Videos
	5.4	Tasks
		5.4.1	Types of Tasks
			5.4.1.1 Multiple Choice Tasks
			5.4.1.2 Drag-and-Drop Tasks
			5.4.1.3 Marking Tasks
			5.4.1.4 Tasks with Free Input
			5.4.1.5 Game Tasks
			5.4.1.6 Listening and Speaking Tasks
			5.4.1.7 Simulations
			5.4.1.8 Tasks in Virtual Realities
		5.4.2	Feedback
			5.4.2.1 Forms of Feedback
			5.4.2.2 Areas of Application for Feedback
			5.4.2.3 Goals of Feedback
	5.5	Learning Videos
		5.5.1	Areas of application for learning videos
		5.5.2	Project Planning and Image Rights
		5.5.3	Concept and Script for Learning Videos
			5.5.3.1 Outline for a Learning Video
			5.5.3.2 Developing a Story
			5.5.3.3 Script for a Learning Video
			5.5.3.4 Speech Texts and Dialogues for Learning Videos
			5.5.3.5 Function of a Leading Figure
		5.5.4	Filming Schedule
		5.5.5	Technical Aspects of Learning Video Production
		5.5.6	Organisation of the Video Shoot
		5.5.7	Postproduction
		5.5.8	Rapid eLearning via Learning Video
			5.5.8.1 The Camera Script
	5.6	What Tools are used to Create a Script?
		5.6.1	Exploring XML
		5.6.2	Text Processing
		5.6.3	Authoring Tools
	5.7	Learning Psychology
		5.7.1	Perception and Attention on the Screen
			5.7.1.1 Visual Perception
			5.7.1.2 Guidelines for the Presentation of Elements on the Screen
			5.7.1.3 Auditory Perception
			5.7.1.4 Tactile Perception
		5.7.2	How to Motivate for eLearning?
		5.7.3	Learning Techniques at the Computer Workplace
			5.7.3.1 Additional Tips and Tricks for Learning at the Computer
	5.8	How to Prepare Multimedia Elements in a Didactically Meaningful Way?
		5.8.1	Design and Arrangement of Screen Elements
			5.8.1.1 Design of Screen Text
			5.8.1.2 Design of Images
			5.8.1.3 Colouring of Images
			5.8.1.4 Design of Pictograms
			5.8.1.5 Properties of Pictograms
			5.8.1.6 Design of Audios
			5.8.1.7 Spoken Texts
			5.8.1.8 Sounds
			5.8.1.9 Noises
			5.8.1.10 Music
	References
6 Mobile Learning
	Abstract
	6.1	Significance and Distribution
	6.2	Concept and Delimitation
		6.2.1	The Learners
		6.2.2	The Learning Method
		6.2.3	The Hardware
		6.2.4	The Learning Application
		6.2.5	Additional Terms
	6.3	Didactic Aspects of Mobile Learning
		6.3.1	Transformation of Traditional Teaching
		6.3.2	Specific Characteristics of Smartphones in the Didactic Context
	6.4	Technical Aspects of Mobile Learning
		6.4.1	Specific Characteristics of Smartphones in a Technical Context
		6.4.2	Mobile Device Management
		6.4.3	Mobile App Management
		6.4.4	Costs
		6.4.5	Internet Access
	6.5	Pros and Cons
	6.6	Mobile Learning in Practice
		6.6.1	Specific Learning Content of Mobile Learning
		6.6.2	Forms of Mobile Learning
		6.6.3	Examples
			6.6.3.1 VHS Learning Portal
			6.6.3.2 ANTON—A Learning Platform for Schools
			6.6.3.3 The “Nature View” App from the Museum of Natural History, Berlin
			6.6.3.4 Outdoor Rally “Actionbound”
			6.6.3.5 Quizlet
			6.6.3.6 Deutsche Bahn
	6.7	Overall Concept for a Mobile Learning Application
		6.7.1	Preliminary Considerations for the Overall Concept
		6.7.2	Content in the Overall Concept
	References
7 How do I Organize the Work on the Script?
	Abstract
	7.1	Design of Offer and Contract
		7.1.1	Fee Calculation
		7.1.2	Contract Design
		7.1.3	Sending a Sample Chapter
	7.2	Effective Time Management in the Project
	7.3	Sources and Archiving
		7.3.1	Citing Sources
		7.3.2	Archiving Correspondence
		7.3.3	Data Archiving
	7.4	How to Keep Track of Corrections and Versions?
		7.4.1	Maintaining an Overview of the Versions
		7.4.2	Keeping Track of the Corrections
	References
8 How Do I Recognize a Good “Media Author”?
	Abstract
	8.1	What Skills Does a Media Author Bring?
		8.1.1	Adjacent Professions
	8.2	What About Rights and Obligations?
		8.2.1	Copyright
			8.2.1.1 Works Protected by Copyright
			8.2.1.2 Works Not Protected By Copyright
			8.2.1.3 Persons/Professional Groups Protected By Copyright
			8.2.1.4 Copyright for Screen Texts of an eLearning Application
		8.2.2	Right of Use
		8.2.3	Exploitation Right
		8.2.4	GDPR—The General Data Protection Regulation
		8.2.5	Contract for Work
			8.2.5.1 Example Contents of a Contract for Work
		8.2.6	Service Contract
			8.2.6.1 Example Contents of a Service Contract
		8.2.7	Artists’ Social Security Fund
		8.2.8	Associations
	8.3	Acquiring New Clients as a Freelance Media Author
		8.3.1	Classic Methods of Acquiring New Customers
		8.3.2	Social Media as a Platform for Acquiring New Customers
			8.3.2.1 Keeping Up with the Times with Facebook
			8.3.2.2 Connecting with XING
			8.3.2.3 Staying in Conversation with X
			8.3.2.4 Reading and Informing Yourself
			8.3.2.5 Writing and Communicating
	References
9 Further Information
	9.1	Selection of the Producer
		9.1.1	Specialist Portals on the Internet
		9.1.2	eLearning Courses to Buy and Book
		9.1.3	Trade Press
		9.1.4	Trade Fairs
	9.2	Selection of Tools
		9.2.1	Adobe
		9.2.2	Microsoft
		9.2.3	Other Providers
	9.3	Partners and Reference Companies
	9.4	Education and Further Training for Media Authors and Project Managers
	9.5	Internet Job Markets
10 Checklists
	Abstract
	10.1	Evaluation of Production Progress
	10.2	Evaluation of Transfer Performance by the Learning Program
	10.3	Client Fact Sheet
	10.4	Questionnaire for the Client
	10.5	Preparation for the Briefing by the Client
	10.6	Teamwork in Briefings
	10.7	Types and Techniques of Questions
	10.8	Technical Facilities and Specifications
	10.9	Selecting eLearning
	10.10	Script Approval
	10.11	Change Request Form
	10.12	Standards for eLearning
	10.13	Questionnaire for the Target Group
	10.14	Target Group Analysis
	10.15	Page Design
	10.16	Rough Concept
	10.17	Detailed Concept
	10.18	Image Composition
	10.19	Feedback
	10.20	Information Meeting Offer
	References
Acknowledgements
Glossary
Further Reading