Elastomere Friction: Theory, Experiment and Simulation (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics)

Cover......Page 1
Elastomere Friction (Springer, 2010)......Page 4
ISBN: 978-3-642-10656-9......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Introduction......Page 9
Analysis of Self-Affine Surfaces......Page 10
Hysteresis Friction Simulation......Page 12
Adhesion Friction Fitting......Page 13
Surface Properties......Page 14
Friction Experiments and Simulations......Page 16
Viscoelastic Properties......Page 17
Friction Measurements......Page 24
Adapting Friction Simulation to Wet and Dry Measurements......Page 25
Contact Simulations......Page 27
Conclusions......Page 32
References......Page 33
Introduction......Page 35
Sample Preparation......Page 38
Multihysteresis Measurements......Page 39
Theory......Page 40
Stress Softening and Hysteresis......Page 42
Hydrodynamic Strain Amplification......Page 44
Constance of Volume......Page 45
Dependence on Temperature......Page 47
Adaptation of the Model for Various Filled Rubbers in Tension......Page 48
CB-Filled Rubber in Combined Compression-Tension Test......Page 51
CB-Filled Rubber at Varied Particle Size and Temperature......Page 53
Finite-Element (FE) Simulation of a Rolling GROSCH Wheel......Page 56
Conclusions......Page 58
References......Page 59
Introduction......Page 61
Multiscale Approach......Page 64
Formulation of the Multi-scale Approach......Page 65
Constitutive Model for Elastomers......Page 68
Rough Surface Description......Page 70
Sine Wave......Page 71
Application of the Approximation to a Rough Surface......Page 73
Contact Kinematics and Interface Constraints......Page 76
Numerical Results......Page 79
System and Loading......Page 80
Results on Microscale......Page 81
Meso- and Macroscopic Results......Page 84
True Contact Area......Page 86
Adhesion......Page 90
FEM......Page 91
Adhesion Parameters......Page 93
Numerical Results......Page 94
Basic Equations......Page 96
Friction Test......Page 98
References......Page 100
Introduction......Page 103
The Standard Rubber Model MORPH......Page 104
Experimental Data for Thermal Effects in Six Rubber Compounds......Page 106
Programs for Simulating Experiments and Identifying All Material Constants......Page 108
Results for Thermal Effects in MORPH Model......Page 110
Reversible Energy and Irreversible Dissipation......Page 117
Large and Small Tensional Cycles......Page 118
Derivation of an Energy Density for Additional Stresses......Page 119
Simulations with New Energy Density......Page 123
Discussion......Page 127
Conclusion......Page 128
References......Page 129
Introduction......Page 130
Relative Kinematic Framework for Rolling Contact......Page 132
Constitutive Modelling of Rubber......Page 134
Continuum Mechanics Damage Model......Page 137
Pseudo-Elastic Damage Model......Page 138
The Fractional-Step Strategy......Page 141
Numerical Methods for Advection Dominated Problems......Page 142
Comparison of Numerical Advection Schemes......Page 146
Numerical Benchmark......Page 149
Treatment of Friction within the ALE Formulation of Rolling Bodies......Page 152
Numerical Examples......Page 158
Grosch Wheel......Page 159
Tire Model......Page 163
Remark to the Computational Effort......Page 165
Summery and Conclusions......Page 166
References......Page 168
Introduction......Page 171
Modular Tread Block Model......Page 172
Module 1: Dynamic Tread Block Description......Page 174
Module 2: Local Friction Characteristic......Page 178
Module 3: Non-linear Contact Stiffness......Page 180
Module 4: Wear......Page 184
Identification of Elasticity Modulus and Damping Coefficient......Page 185
Optimisation of Number of Modes......Page 188
Identification of Local Friction Characteristic......Page 189
Identification of Non-linear Contact Stiffness......Page 191
Identification of Wear Coefficients......Page 192
Simulations......Page 193
Stationary Tread Block Behaviour......Page 194
Influence of Wear......Page 195
Dynamic Tread Block Behaviour......Page 196
Comparison with Experiment......Page 198
Rolling Contact......Page 199
Conclusion......Page 203
References......Page 204
Introduction......Page 207
Maximum Traction under Wet Conditions......Page 209
Advantage of the Grosch Wheel......Page 210
Experimental Investigation of the Process......Page 211
Reproducibility of the Friction Measurement......Page 212
Influence of Wheel Load......Page 214
Influence of Speed and Temperature......Page 216
Influence of Rubber Compound......Page 219
The Grip Index......Page 220
Characterization of the Pavement Micro Texture......Page 221
Contact Depth Model......Page 222
Correlation between the Grip Index and Contact Depth Model Descriptors......Page 223
Conclusion......Page 225
References......Page 226
Introduction......Page 227
Measurements......Page 228
Moving Test Rig......Page 229
Steady Measurements......Page 230
Unsteady Measurements......Page 232
Rolling Contact Model......Page 235
Efficient Structure Modeling......Page 236
Simulation......Page 241
Identification of Parameters......Page 242
Steady Results......Page 245
Unsteady Results......Page 249
Conclusions......Page 253
References......Page 254
Author Index......Page 256