EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: Cognitive Analysis and Control Applications

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EEG-BASED
BRAIN-COMPUTER
INTERFACES:
COGNITIVE ANALYSIS
AND CONTROL
APPLICATIONS
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
1
Introduction
	Rationale
		BCI Success Stories
		BCI Market Analysis
	Technical Overview
		Brain Anatomy
		From Brain to Computer
		Previous Work Related to Voluntary Eyeblink-Based BCI and Control
	Objectives
	References
2
EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI)
	Introduction
		EEG-Based BCI Architecture
			Signal Acquisition
			Preprocessing
			Feature Extraction
			Classification
			Translation Into Operative Control Signals
	Techniques in BCI
		Invasive and Partially-Invasive BCI Techniques
			Electrocorticography (ECoG)
			Intracortical Neuron Recording
		Noninvasive BCI Techniques
			Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
			Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
			Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)
			Electroencephalography (EEG)
	Data Acquisition
		Brain Electric Potential
		EEG Electrode Positioning
		EEG Electrodes
		EEG Signals and Rhythms
		Preamplification, Filtering and Analog-to-Digital Conversion
	Preprocessing
		EEG Artifacts
			Physiological Artifacts
			Nonphysiological Artifacts
		EEG Artifact Rejection
			Artifact Rejection Using Temporal Filtering
			Artifact Rejection Using Spatial Filtering
	Feature Extraction
		EEG Signal Representation in Time Domain
			Event-Related Synchronization/Desynchronization (ERS/ERD)
			Evoked Potentials
			Slow Cortical Potentials
		EEG Signal Representation in Frequency Domain
			Band Power Features
			PSD Features
		EEG Signal Representation in Time-Frequency Domain
			Short-Time Fourier Transform
			Wavelet Transform
		EEG Signal Representation in Spatial Domain
	Classification
		Linear Classifiers
		Nonlinear Classifiers
		BCI Performance
	BCI Applications
		BCI: Clinical Applications
			BCI-Based Assistive Devices for Communication
			BCI-Based Assistive Devices for Locomotion and Movement
			BCI for Neurorehabilitation
			BCI for Cognitive State Analysis
			BCI for Medical Diagnostics
		BCI: Nonclinical Applications
			BCI in Neuroergonomics
			BCI for Smart Home
			BCI in Neuromarketing and Advertising
			BCI for Games and Entertainment
			BCI for Security and Validation
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
3
Real-Time EEG Acquisition
	Introduction
	Overview of Acquisition Units
		Selection Criteria in Terms of Specifications
		EEG Devices
			Emotive Epoc/Epoc+ Headset
				Features
				Emotiv EPOC+
			Emotiv Insight
				Features
				Features
			Muse
				Features
			OpenBCI
			Features
			Neurosky Mindwave
				Features of TGAT1/TGAM1
				Features of TGAT2
			Wearable Sensing
				Features
			Ant Neuro (eegomylab)
			Neuroelectrics (Enobio 32)
				Features
			Brain Products: LiveAmp (32 channels)
			Brain Products: ActiCHamp
				Features
	Development of EEG-Based BCI for Eyeblink Acquisition
		Selection of EEG Acquisition Unit
		EMOTIV Test Bench
		Understanding European Data Format (.edf)
		Experiment Design for Eyeblink Acquisition
			Acquisition of EEG Signals Using EMOTIV Test Bench
			Acquisition of Online EEG Signals Directly in MATLAB
	Import of EEG Data Into MATLAB
		Selection of EEG Signal Analysis Toolbox
		Import of EEG Data Into EEGLAB Toolbox
		Import of EEG Data Into MATLAB Workspace
	Import of EEG Data Into Simulink
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
4
Cognitive Analysis: Time Domain
	Introduction
	Preprocessing
		Prefiltering
		ICA of Filtered EEG Data
	Channel ERP Analysis
	ERP Scalp Map Analysis at Different Latencies
	Result and Analysis
	Conclusion
	References
5
Cognitive Analysis: Frequency Domain
	Introduction
	Channel Spectral Analysis
	Subband Power Analysis
	EEG Coherence Analysis
	Result and Analysis
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
6
EEG Based BCI-Control Applications
	Introduction
	In-House Development of Eyeblink-Based BCI for Control
		Control Triggers Using MATLAB Software
		Arduino Uno Hardware Interfacing for Control Applications
	Possible Other Control Applications Using EEG-Based BCI
		National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW-Enabled Control Using BCI
			EEG-Based Prosthetic Hand Control Designed Using LabVIEW
			EEG-Based Eyeblink Controlled Robot Developed in LabVIEW
			EEG-Based Intelligent Stress Buster Developed in LabVIEW
			Read the Smile State and Cognitive Actions Using LabVIEW
			Case Studies Related to BCI Developed Using LabVIEW
				A Neuropsychology Pilot Study to Examine Mental Fatigue
				A Therapeutic Game for the Elderly With Notifications for Caregivers
				A Real-Time System to Identify Timely Symptoms of Driver Fatigue to Prevent Accidents
				Assessment of Motor Cognitive Skills in School Children
		Mathworks MATLAB/Simulink-Enabled Control Using BCI
			EEG-Based BCI Developed in MATLAB for Cognitive Biometrics
			EEG-Based Cursor Movement Control Developed in MATLAB/Simulink
			Musical Brain Cap Developed in MATLAB/Simulink
			MATLAB/Simulink-Based Control of Mini Drone Using BCI
			MATLAB-Based Robotic Claw Control Using BCI
	Conclusion
	References
	Further Reading
7
Conclusion
	Major Contributions
		Time-Domain Analysis
		Frequency-Domain Analysis
		In-House Development of Eyeblink-Based BCI for Control
	Future Directions and Conclusion
Index
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	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
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	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	V
	W
	Z
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