Education at a Glance 2014: Highlights (Education At a Glance OECD Indicators)

Foreword
Table of contents
Executive summary: The benefits of expanded access to education are not shared equitably
Reader’s guide
1. Education levels and student numbers
	To what level have adults studied?
		Figure 1.1. Population that has attained tertiary education, 2012
		Figure 1.2. Percentage-point difference between younger and older tertiary-educated adults, 2012
	Who participates in education?
		Figure 1.3. Enrolment rates of 15-19 year-olds (1995, 2012)
		Figure 1.4. Enrolment rates of 20-29 year-olds (1995, 2012)
	What is the role of early childhood education?
		Figure 1.5. Enrolment rates in education at age 3 (2005, 2012)
		Figure 1.6. Ratio of students to teaching staff in early childhood education, 2012
	How many young people finish secondary education?
		Figure 1.7. Upper secondary graduation rates, 2012
		Figure 1.8. Average age of upper secondary graduates, 2012
	Does parental education affect students’ chances?
		Figure 1.9. Percentage of 20-34 year-olds in tertiary education, by parents' education level, 2012
		Figure 1.10. Intergenerational mobility in education, 2012
2. Higher education and work
	How many young people enter tertiary education?
		Figure 2.1. Entry rates into university-level education (2000, 2012)
		Figure 2.2. Entry rates into vocationally-oriented tertiary education (2000, 2012)
	How many young people graduate from tertiary education?
		Figure 2.3. First-time graduation rates from university-level education (1995, 2012)
		Figure 2.4. First-time graduation rates from vocationally oriented education (1995, 2012)
	How many students study abroad and where do they go?
		Figure 2.5. Trends in international education market shares (2000, 2012)
		Figure 2.6. Student mobility in tertiary education, 2012
	How successful are students in moving from education to work?
		Figure 2.7. Young people not in education by labour market status, 2012
		Figure 2.8. Education and employment among young people, 2012
3. The economic and social benefits of education
	How does education affect employment rates?
		Figure 3.1. Employment rate of 25-64 year-olds, by education level, 2012
		Figure 3.2. Unemployment rates among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education (2005, 2010 and 2012)
	How much more do tertiary graduates earn?
		Figure 3.3. Relative earnings of workers with university education or higher, by gender, 2012
		Figure 3.4. Relative earnings of workers with below upper secondary education, by gender, 2012
	What are the incentives to invest in education?
		Figure 3.5. Public return on tertiary education, by gender, 2010
		Figure 3.6. Private return on tertiary education, by gender, 2010
	How are student performance and equity in education related?
		Figure 3.7. Student performance in mathematics, by gender, PISA 2012
4. Paying for education
	How much is spent per student?
		Figure 4.1. Annual spending per student, 2011
		Figure 4.2. Primary education spending in relation to other education spending, 2011
	What share of national wealth is spent on education?
		Figure 4.3. Trends in education spending as a percentage of GDP (2000, 2011)
		Figure 4.4. Impact of the economic crisis on education spending, 2011
	How much public and private investment in education is there?
		Figure 4.5. Share of private spending on educational institutions, 2011
		Figure 4.6. Distribution of spending on tertiary education, 2011
	How do public and private schools differ?
		Figure 4.7. Public school enrolment among 15-year-old students (2003, 2012)
		Figure 4.8. Class size in primary schools, 2012
	How much do tertiary students pay?
		Figure 4.9. Tuition fees for university, 2011
		Figure 4.10. Public support for tertiary education, 2011
	What are education funds spent on?
		Figure 4.11. Staff costs as a percentage of current expenditure in education, 2011
		Figure 4.12. Current and capital expenditure in tertiary education, 2011
5. The school environment
	How long do students spend in the classroom?
		Figure 5.1. Compulsory instruction hours in general education in public institutions, 2014
		Figure 5.2. Instruction time by subject, 2014
	How many students are in each classroom?
		Figure 5.3. Average class size in primary education (2000, 2012)
		Figure 5.4. Average class size, by level of education, 2012
	How much are teachers paid?
		Figure 5.5. Teachers’ salaries in lower secondary education relative to earnings for tertiary-educated workers, 2012
		Figure 5.6. Minimum and maximum teachers’ salaries in lower secondary education, 2012
	How much time do teachers spend teaching?
		Figure 5.7. Annual teaching hours by education level, 2012
		Figure 5.8. Trends in annual teaching hours in lower secondary education (2000, 2005, 2012)
	Who are the teachers?
		Figure 5.9. Secondary school teachers over 50 years old (2002, 2012)
		Figure 5.10. Gender distribution of teachers, 2012
6. Special chapter: Skills for life
	Why are adult skills important?
		Figure 6.1. Percentage of younger and older adults with high literacy levels, 2012
		Figure 6.2. Employment rate of 25-64 year-olds, by literacy level, 2012
	Why do we need computer skills?
		Figure 6.3. Adult computer and problem-solving skills, 2012
		Figure 6.4. Computer skills among men and women, 2012
	Skills and education for society
		Figure 6.5. Self-reported health by literacy level, 2012
		Figure 6.6. Self-reported political influence by literacy level, 2012
	Why do we need creative problem-solving?
		Figure 6.7. Proficiency in problem-solving, 2012
		Figure 6.8. Gender differences in problem-solving, 2012
	The importance of financial literacy
		Figure 6.9. Financial literacy scores, 2012
		Figure 6.10. Financial literacy levels by gender, 2012
	Education and learning for adults
		Figure 6.11. Participation in adult learning, 2012
		Figure 6.12. Participation in adult learning, by parents’ level of education, 2012
Statistical note
Glossary
Further reading