Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Biology Student Book

Front Cover
Contents
Course Structure
About this Book
Assessment Overview
Unit 1: Organisms and Life Processes
	1: Life Processes
		Cell Structure
		Enzymes: Controlling Reactions in the Cell
		How the Cell gets its Energy
		Movement of Materials in and out of Cells
		Cell Division and Differentiation
		Cells, Tissues and Organs
		Stem Cells
	2: The Variety of Living Organisms
		Plants
		Animals
		Fungi
		Protoctists
		Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Organisms
		Bacteria
		Viruses
Unit 2: Animal Physiology
	3: Breathing and Gas Exchange
		Respiration and Breathing
		The Structure of the Gas Exchange System
		Ventilation of the Lungs
		Gas Exchange in the Alveoli
		The Effects of Smoking
	4: Food and Digestion
		A Balanced Diet
		Energy from Food
		Digestion
		Peristalsis
		The Digestive System
		Absorption in the Ileum
		The Large Intestine – Elimination of Waste
	5: Blood and Circulation
		The need for Circulatory Systems
		The Structure and Function of the Human Heart
		Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
		The Composition of Blood
	6: Coordination
		Stimulus and Response
		The Central Nervous System
		The Eye
		Accommodation
		Reflex Actions
	7: Chemical Coordination
		Glands and Hormones
		The Differences between Nervous and Endocrine Control
		Adrenaline – The ‘Fight or Flight’ Hormone
		Insulin – Control of Blood Glucose
	8: Homeostasis and Excretion
		Homeostasis
		The Urinary System
		Structure of the Nephron
		Control of the Body’s Water Content
		Control of Body Temperature
	9: Reproduction in Humans
		Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Compared
		Reproduction in Humans
		Hormones Controlling Reproduction
Unit 3: Plant Physiology
	10: Plants and Food
		Plants make Starch
		Photosynthesis
		Mineral Nutrition
	11: Transport in Plants
		Osmosis
		Uptake of Water by Roots
		Loss of Water by the Leaves – Transpiration
	12: Chemical Coordination in Plants
		Tropisms
		Detecting the Light Stimulus – Plant Hormones
	13: Reproduction In Plants
		Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
		Asexual Reproduction in Plants
		Sexual Reproduction in Plants
		Germination
Unit 4: Ecology and The Environment
	14: Ecosystems
		The Components of Ecosystems
		Biodiversity
		Interactions in Ecosystems
		The Flow of Energy through Ecosystems
		Cycling Nutrients through Ecosystems
	15: Human Influences on the Environment
		Modern Agriculture – Producing the Food we Need
		Air Pollution
		Water Pollution
Unit 5: Variation and Selection
	16: Chromosomes, Genes and DNA
		The Structure of DNA
		The Genetic Code
		The Stages of Protein Synthesis
		The Structure of Chromosomes
	17: Cell Division
		Mitosis
		Meiosis
		Sexual Reproduction and Variation
		Asexual Reproduction and Cloning
		Genes and Environment both Produce Variation
	18: Genes and Inheritance
		Gregor Mendel
		Working out Genotypes – The Test Cross
		Ways of Presenting Genetic Information
		Codominance
		Sex Determination
		Polygenic inheritance
	19: Natural Selection and Evolution
		The Work of Charles Darwin
		Some Examples of how Natural Selection Might have Worked
		Can we Observe Natural Selection in Action?
		Pesticide Resistance in Insects
	20: Selective Breeding
		Traditional Selective Breeding
		Modern Selective Breeding
		Cloning Animals
Unit 6: Microorganisms and Genetic Modification
	21: Using Microorganisms
		What are Microorganisms?
		Fermentation and Biotechnology
		Traditional Biotechnology – Making Food and Drinks
	22: Genetic Modification
		Recombinant DNA
		Producing Genetically Modified Plants
		Producing Genetically Modified  Animals
Appendices
	Appendix A: A Guide to Exam Questions on Experimental Skills
	Appendix B: Command Words
Glossary
Index
Answers
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