Ecosystems and Land Use Change

Ecosystems and Land Use Change......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 7
Section I......Page 9
Section II......Page 10
Section III......Page 11
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 12
2. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CONSEQUENCES OFLAND-USE CHANGES FOR ECOSYSTEMS ANDTHEIR ABILITY TO PROVIDE GOODS AND SERVICESIN THE FUTURE?......Page 14
3. HOW DO ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES VARY WITHTYPE OF LAND-USE CHANGE, STAGE IN THELAND-USE TRANSITION, AND BIOPHYSICALSETTING?......Page 15
4. WHAT ARE THE APPROPRIATE TEMPORAL ANDSPATIAL SCALES FOR ANALYZING ECOSYSTEMRESPONSES TO LAND-USE CHANGE?......Page 17
5. CAN TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN INTENDED ANDUNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF LAND USE BEQUANTIFIED TO INFORM PLANNING ANDDECISION-MAKING?......Page 18
REFERENCES......Page 19
INTRODUCTION......Page 21
SCIENTIFIC METHODS FOR ASSESSINGHYDROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LAND USE CHANGE......Page 22
HYDROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF LAND USECHANGE......Page 28
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 32
REFERENCES......Page 33
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 38
3. DELAYED IMPACTS OF AGRICULTUREDEVELOPMENT......Page 39
5. SOIL CONSERVATION......Page 41
6. LEGACIES OF PRE-CONSERVATIONAGRICULTURE......Page 42
7. ADDRESSING THE LEGACIES......Page 43
REFERENCES......Page 44
INTRODUCTION......Page 47
STUDY AREA AND APPROACH......Page 48
LAND USE CHANGE MODELING......Page 51
HYDROLOGIC MODELING......Page 52
MODELING BED MOBILITY AND SCOUR OF FOODRESOURCES......Page 56
MODELING WATER TEMPERATUREAND SPAWNING DAYS......Page 58
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 60
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 63
REFERENCES......Page 64
2. SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE......Page 67
3. SURFACE FLUXES AND TEMPERATURE......Page 68
4. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE......Page 71
5. LAND SURFACE MODELS IN CLIMATE MODELS......Page 72
6. LAND COVER CHANGE AND CLIMATE......Page 73
7. NEXT GENERATION OF LAND SURFACE MODELS......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 76
INTRODUCTION......Page 79
REGIONAL IMPACT......Page 80
GLOBAL IMPACT......Page 84
CONCLUSIONS......Page 86
REFERENCES......Page 88
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 90
3. EFFECTS OF LAND-USE CHANGE ON CARBONSTOCKS......Page 92
4. THE IMPORTANCE OF LAND-USE CHANGE INTHE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 101
INTRODUCTION......Page 104
ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURAL RESPONSES TOMANAGED GRAZING......Page 106
CARBON CYCLE RESPONSES......Page 108
CHANGES IN NITROGEN CYCLING......Page 112
REMOTE SENSING FOR BIOGEOCHEMICALSTUDIES OF RANGELANDS......Page 115
MAJOR SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY......Page 117
REFERENCES......Page 119
INTRODUCTION......Page 122
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION......Page 124
METHODS......Page 125
RESULTS......Page 126
DISCUSSION......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 131
INTRODUCTION......Page 133
LAND-USE CHANGE AND STREAMS......Page 135
FIVE KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF ARIDLAND STREAMS......Page 137
ARE URBAN DESERT STREAMS SIMILAR OR DIFFERENT IN THESE FIVE CHARACTERISTICS?......Page 141
SUMMARY OF COMPARISONS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 148
INTRODUCTION......Page 151
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CYCLING IN MATURE LOWLAND AMAZONIAN FORESTS......Page 152
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONSEQUENCES OF AMAZONIAN DEFORESTATION......Page 155
INFLUENCE OF AMAZONIAN DEFORESTATION ON STREAM SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS......Page 157
IN-STREAM PROCESSES MAY COMPLICATE DEFORESTATION SIGNALS......Page 158
UNDERSTUDIED TOPICS PERTAINING TO NUTRIENT LOSSES FOLLOWING LAND USECHANGE......Page 159
REFERENCES......Page 160
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 163
2. URBANIZATION AND URBAN SPRAWL......Page 164
3. ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASE......Page 165
4. CONCLUSION......Page 169
REFERENCES......Page 170
INTRODUCTION......Page 172
LAND-COVER/LAND-USE CHANGE IN WEST AFRICA......Page 174
INFECTIOUS DISEASE IN WEST AFRICA......Page 179
DISCUSSION......Page 185
CONCLUSION......Page 186
REFERENCES......Page 187
SELECTIVE LOGGING......Page 191
FOREST FRAGMENTATION......Page 192
SURFACE FIRES......Page 194
HUNTING......Page 195
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE THREATS......Page 196
REFERENCES......Page 197
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 202
2. HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE LAND IN PRE-INDUSTRIALTIMES......Page 203
3. LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGES SINCE THE MIDDLE AGES 1500 AD-PRESENT......Page 205
4. THREE CENTURIES OF HISTORICAL LAND USECHANGE: THE HYDE DATABASE......Page 208
5. ARE FOOTPRINTS FROM THE PAST A BLUEPRINT FOR THE FUTURE?......Page 212
REFERENCES......Page 213
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 215
2. THE CLUE-S MODEL......Page 216
3. APPLICATION OF THE MODEL FOR BAC KAN PROVINCE, VIETNAM......Page 219
4. RESULTS......Page 222
5. DISCUSSION......Page 226
REFERENCES......Page 227
1. DETECTING CHANGE AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES......Page 229
2. DEFINING OBSERVATION AND MONITORING......Page 230
3. TOOLS FOR CHANGE OBSERVATION AND MONITORING......Page 231
4. MONITORING CHANGE IN LAND COVER......Page 234
5. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE......Page 235
6. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF CHANGE: CASE EXAMPLES AND STUDIES......Page 236
7. CHALLENGES......Page 240
8. ADVANCING THE STATE-OF-THE-SCIENCE IN CHANGE OBSERVATION AND MONITORING......Page 242
REFERENCES......Page 243
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 245
2. HOW ARE LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGING IN THE MISSISSIPPI?......Page 247
3. HOW ARE CROP YIELDS IN THE BASIN CHANGING?......Page 249
4. HOW IS THE HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN CHANGING?......Page 250
5. HOW IS THE WATER QUALITY OF THE BASIN CHANGING?......Page 253
6. WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED SO FAR?......Page 254
REFERENCES......Page 255
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 258
2. A NEW VIEW OF LAND COVER ACROSS THE WATERSHED......Page 260
3. ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING LAND USE......Page 264
REFERENCES......Page 269
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE REGION AND STUDY PROBLEM......Page 271
2. THE COUPLED HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM......Page 273
3. ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE......Page 274
5. SCALAR ISSUES......Page 283
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 284
REFERENCES......Page 285
INTRODUCTION......Page 287
SUMMARY......Page 293
REFERENCES......Page 294
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 296
2. MEASURING CHANGE ACROSS CHINA'SVILLAGE LANDSCAPES......Page 302
3. LESSONS LEARNED......Page 310
REFERENCES......Page 312
INTRODUCTION......Page 314
AMAZONIA AND THE CARBON CYCLE......Page 316
THE ROLE OF FIRE IN LAND MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN AMAZONIA......Page 319
EFFECTS OF SMOKE ON ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES......Page 320
FIRE AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT:A CRITICAL JUNCTURE......Page 322
REFERENCES......Page 324
INTRODUCTION......Page 328
ALTERING FLUXES OF MATERIALS AND ENERGY......Page 329
BIOPHYSICAL CONTROLS OVER ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES TO LAND USE......Page 331
CHANGING ECOSYSTEM CAPACITY TO PROVIDE GOODS AND SERVICES......Page 332
FINAL COMMENTS......Page 334
REFERENCES......Page 335