Ecological risks : perspectives from Poland and the United States

1 Front Matter
 2 Overview
 3 Assessment and Management of Ecological Risks
 4 Executive Summary
 5 Environmental Management Concepts
 6 Evaluating Ecological Impacts: A Conceptual Framework
 7 The Relationship Between Strategies of Social Development and Environmental Protection
 8 Environmental Protection as an Element of International Economic Cooperation in Poland
 9 The Role of Ecological Risk Assessment in Environmental Decision Making
 10 Human Effects on the Terrestrial Environment
 11 Characterizing Ecosystem Responses to Stress
 12 Measuring Function and Disfunction in Ecosystems
 13 Air Pollution Impacts on Forests in North America
 14 Air Pollution and Forest Health in Central Europe: Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the German Democratic Republic
 15 Impacts of Air Pollution on Agriculture in North America
 16 Impacts of Air Pollution on Agriculture and Horticulture in Poland
 17 Distribution and Movement of Selected Elements in Poland Using Pine Needle Analysis
 18 Long-Term Ecological Monitoring in the National Parks of Poland
 19 Agricultural Impacts
 20 Ecological Guidelines for Management of Rural Areas in Poland
 21 Ecological Problems Associated with Agricultural Development: Some Examples in the United States
 22 Impacts of Aquatic Ecosystems
 23 Assessment of Trophic Impact on the Lake Environment in Poland: A Proposal and Case Study
 24 Aquatic Research and Water Quality Trends in the United States
 25 River Water Quality Assessment and Management in Poland
 26 Environmental Management Case Studies
 27 Environmental Policy in Eastern Europe
 28 Acid Deposition: A Case Study of Scientific Uncertainty and International Decision Making
 29 Diagnosis of Environmental Protection Problems in Poland
 30 Energy Use and Environmental Consequences in Poland
 31 Recommendations
 32 Recommendations for a Science-Based Program of Ecological Risk Assessment and Environmental Protection
 33 Appendices
 34 Appendix 1: List of Participants
 35 Appendix 2: Summary Memoranda
 36 Appendix 3: Cooperative Projects Suggested at 1987 Workshop
 37 Appendix 4: Cooperative Projects Suggested at 1988 Workshop