Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Cambridge Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)

Contents......Page 7
History of anorexia nervosa......Page 17
Miraculous maids......Page 18
Psychoanalytic theories......Page 19
History of bulimia......Page 20
Models for understanding eating disorders based on diagnostic criteria......Page 21
Psychological/individual: influences and models......Page 23
Eating disorders as reaction to changing roles/a voice for women......Page 24
Multidisciplinary conceptualizations: the biopsychosocial approach......Page 25
Developmental perspective......Page 26
REFERENCES......Page 29
Introduction......Page 33
Meal feeding and peripheral signals......Page 35
Hindbrain......Page 37
Hypothalamus......Page 38
Forebrain regions involved in reward pathways......Page 41
Conservation of energy balance systems in mammalian species......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
Evaluation......Page 46
Methodological issues......Page 48
Views of fatness......Page 49
Parents......Page 51
Media......Page 53
Peers......Page 54
Conclusions......Page 55
REFERENCES......Page 56
4 Relation of dieting to eating pathology......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 66
Fetal life......Page 71
Childhood......Page 73
Puberty......Page 74
Growth patterns in developing brains......Page 75
Timing of maturation......Page 76
Cognitive theory......Page 79
Recent developments......Page 80
REFERENCES......Page 81
Family and twin studies......Page 84
Other forms of psychopathology......Page 85
Shared transmission of AN and BN......Page 86
Serotonin-linked genes......Page 87
Dopamine-linked genes......Page 88
Other candidate genes......Page 89
Linkage studies......Page 90
Conclusions......Page 91
REFERENCES......Page 92
Register studies – referred and treated cases......Page 96
Sør-Trøndelag study, Norway......Page 98
Haute-Marne study, France......Page 99
Buskerud study, Norway......Page 100
Summary......Page 101
Clinical implications......Page 104
REFERENCES......Page 105
Neural basis of hunger, satiety and reward value of food......Page 109
Structural changes ('Pseudoatrophy')......Page 111
Resting state......Page 113
Food challenge......Page 114
Body image challenge......Page 115
Neurotransmission......Page 117
Acknowledgements......Page 118
REFERENCES......Page 119
Diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa......Page 125
Atypical anorexia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified......Page 126
Dissatisfaction and problems with current diagnostic criteria......Page 127
Weight criterion (DSM–IV A; ICD–10 A)......Page 128
Core cognitive disturbances (DSM–IV B.and C; ICD–10C)......Page 129
Early identification......Page 130
Presentation......Page 132
REFERENCES......Page 135
Introduction......Page 137
Boys and eating disorders risk factors......Page 138
Eating disorder psychopathology and diagnoses......Page 141
Treatment studies......Page 142
REFERENCES......Page 143
Definition......Page 147
Medical complications in bulimia nervosa and binge eating......Page 150
Common signs and symptoms......Page 151
Cardiovascular complications......Page 152
Pulmonary complications......Page 153
Conclusion......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 155
Introduction......Page 158
Problems of nosology......Page 159
From feeding to eating......Page 160
Aetiology......Page 161
Selective eating......Page 163
Food avoidance emotional disorder (FAED)......Page 165
Food phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder......Page 166
Psychogenic vomiting......Page 167
Priorities for future research......Page 168
REFERENCES......Page 169
Anxiety......Page 172
Depression......Page 174
Trauma and eating disorder comorbidity......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 179
The physiology of feeding......Page 183
Infant feeding problems......Page 184
Cerebral palsy......Page 185
Congenital heart disease......Page 188
Cystic fibrosis......Page 189
Type 1 Diabetes......Page 190
Neurodevelopmental disorders......Page 191
Conclusion......Page 192
REFERENCES......Page 193
Childhood obesity: conceptualization......Page 196
Aetiology of childhood obesity......Page 197
Treatment of childhood obesity......Page 199
The role played by the parents and the family......Page 201
Problems in the treatment of childhood obesity......Page 203
REFERENCES......Page 204
Deficiency states in anorexia nervosa......Page 209
Prevention and management of the refeeding syndrome......Page 210
Acute medical complications of refeeding......Page 212
Causes......Page 215
Differential diagnosis......Page 216
Differential diagnosis......Page 217
Comment......Page 218
Comment......Page 219
Comment......Page 220
Causes......Page 221
Differential diagnosis......Page 222
Treatment......Page 223
REFERENCES......Page 224
Approach to young patients with chronic medical complications......Page 226
Heart......Page 227
Brain......Page 229
Gonads and reproductive system......Page 231
Skeletal......Page 233
Summary......Page 235
REFERENCES......Page 236
Individual psychotherapies......Page 239
Psychodynamic therapy......Page 240
Cognitive–behaviour, cognitive and behaviour therapies......Page 241
Multimodal therapies......Page 242
Motivational enhancement therapy......Page 243
Evidence for treatments......Page 244
Anorexia nervosa trials......Page 245
Bulimia nervosa......Page 246
Commentary and conclusions......Page 247
REFERENCES......Page 248
19 Evidence-based family psychotherapy interventions......Page 252
Evolving models of family therapy for eating disorders......Page 253
Randomized controlled family interventions in AN......Page 255
New applications of family treatments for adolescent eating disorders......Page 258
Summary......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 260
Introduction......Page 262
Dangers of treatment delay......Page 263
Inpatient management......Page 264
Inpatient psychiatric units......Page 265
Day programmes......Page 266
Specialist or general-purpose services?......Page 267
Research evidence for different treatment models......Page 268
The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NCCMH, 2004)......Page 269
Conclusions......Page 270
REFERENCES......Page 271
Antidepressants......Page 274
Antipsychotics......Page 275
Antidepressants......Page 276
Antipsychotics......Page 277
Antidepressants......Page 280
Conclusion......Page 285
REFERENCES......Page 286
Anorexia nervosa......Page 293
Prognostic factors......Page 295
Adolescent patients......Page 297
Conclusions......Page 300
Bulimia nervosa......Page 301
Prognostic factors......Page 303
Conclusion......Page 304
REFERENCES......Page 305
The slimming culture and the media......Page 307
Media literacy programs......Page 308
Psycho-education......Page 309
Improving self-esteem and body image......Page 310
Prevention programmes for elementary schools and college students......Page 311
Interactive prevention programs......Page 312
Evaluation of primary preventions......Page 313
Discussion......Page 314
REFERENCES......Page 316
Screening programmes for the detection of eating disorders......Page 319
Who is important for secondary prevention?......Page 320
Secondary prevention aimed at peers and teachers......Page 321
Patients' delay consulting their general practitioner......Page 322
Diagnostic questions......Page 323
Communication problems between doctors and eating disorder patients......Page 324
Problems in referring patients for professional treatment......Page 325
Effects of early diagnosis on anorexia nervosa......Page 326
Summary and conclusion......Page 327
REFERENCES......Page 328
Index......Page 331