East Asians in the League of Nations: Actors, Empires and Regions in Early Global Politics

Acknowledgments
Note on Romanization
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Tables
Introduction: Locating Eastern Asia and the League in Global International Relations
	References
The League of Nations in a World of Empires
Liberal Internationalism Reconsidered: Inter-Imperialism, Liberalism, and the League of Nations in Asia and the Pacific
	Introduction
	Inter-Imperialism and the Inter-Imperial Order in Asia and the Pacific in 1920–1960
	Liberal Inter-Imperialism and Inter-colonialism for the League of Nations
	Liberal Inter-Imperialism and the ‘humanitarian’ Laws of the League
	Liberals, Public Opinion and Experts: the League and Mass-Based Democracy
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
The League’s Technical Work in the Years of Growing Nationalism
	The Significance of Functional Co-operation
	Japan: Technical Co-operation in the Context of Withdrawal
	Technical Co-operation and China’s Sovereignty
	International Co-operation Versus Nationalism
	References
Global Networks Between Civilisations
The Far-Eastern Bureau of the League of Nations: Linking the Regional and International Orders Through Health Work
	Introduction
	Establishment of the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO)
		World War I and Infectious Diseases
		The Epidemic Commission and the Establishment of the LNHO
	The LNHO Far-Eastern Bureau
		The Far-Eastern Bureau and Regional Order in Asia
	Continuing the Bureau’s Work During and After World War II
		From Allied Command to the WHO
		The Continuation and Expansion of the Bureau’s Pre-war Activities
		The Changing Status of the Intelligence Station
		Establishment of the International Sanitary Regulations (1951)
	The Legacy of the Far-Eastern Bureau
	Notes
	References
Japanese International Lawyers and the Codification of International Law in the League of Nations
	Introduction
	Background to the League’s Efforts to Codify International Law
		The Covenant and International Law
		The Debate in the Assembly
		Preparations for a Codification Conference
	The Codification Project and Japan
		How the JSIL Came to Submit a Draft Code
		The Significance of the Japanese Draft Code
	The Reaction of the International Community
		A ‘National’ Code—Yet Not Entirely So
		The Idea of Codification Behind the Draft Code
	The Significance of Sub-state Actors
	Notes
	References
Intellectual Entanglements Between the League of Nations and Eastern Asia: Modernism or Anti-modernism?
	Introduction
	Japan’s Version of Intellectual Co-operation: gakugei kyōryoku
	China’s Version of Intellectual Co-operation: shijie wenhua hezuo
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Member States
Siam’s Attempt at Neutrality: Coping with the League of Nations’ Multilateralism
	Introduction
	Siam’s Manoeuvrings Towards the End of World War I
	The Presumption of Neutrality in the League’s First Decade
	Managing Politics Among the Powers
	Siam and the Racial Equality Clause
	The Dispute Over Article 10
	Neutrality in the Manchurian Crisis
	The Unintended Consequences of Abstention
	Perception and Misperception of the Alignment with Japan
	Hedging and the Dilemma of Small Powers
	Notes
	References
Japan’s Diplomats in the League Council: The Challenge of Managing Power and Ideals in the Pacific Settlement of Disputes
	Introduction
	The Institutional Development of the Council in the 1920s
		The Rapporteur and Commission of Enquiry Systems
		Examination of Article 11 of the Covenant
	Japan and the Pacific Settlement of Conflicts in the 1920s
		Japanese Diplomats in the League
		Tokyo’s Passivity Toward Reinforcing the Pacific Settlement of Disputes
	The Manchurian Crisis and Discussions at the Council
		Between Power and Ideals: The Long Shadow of the League
	Notes
	References
China’s Response to the Ethiopian Crisis (1935–1938)
	Introduction
	The Impact of the Ethiopian Crisis on China’s Relationship with Italy
	Managing Public Opinion: A Controversial Documentary
	The Exchange of Recognition Between Italy and Japan
	Britain’s Note on Recognizing Italy’s Annexation
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Manchuria
Aborted Ideas of an Internationally Administered Manchuria: The Background to the Lytton Report
	The League and International Administration Theory in the Early 1930s
		The Iraq Model
		The Saarland and Danzig Models
		Chinese Ideas on Regional Autonomy
	The Lytton Report
		Formulation of the Recommendations for International Administration
		Reactions to the Lytton Recommendations
	Conclusions and Analysis
	Notes
	References
Public Opinion and the League: Newspaper Coverage of the Lytton Commission in China
	Introduction
	High Expectations and the Establishment of the Lytton Commission
	The Commission En Route to Manchuria and Chinese Opinion
	Publication of the Lytton Report
	From Internationalism to Nationalism
	Notes
	References
Sovereignty as ‘Organised Hypocrisy’: China’s Diplomats and the Lytton Commission
	Deconstructing Sovereignty
	China’s Diplomats as Performers
	The League in Domestic Politics
	Articulating Sovereignty at the League
	The Attack on Shanghai
	Sovereignty in the Lytton Report
	The Diplomatic Power of a Quasi-State
	Notes
	References
Conclusion: Eastern Asia and the League—Shifting to a Global Perspective
	Introduction
	International Organizations, Multilateralism, Global Governance: The Post-Cold War History of the League
	From Global Governance to Empire Building: The Global Momentum of the Manchurian Crisis
	The Political Significance of Technical Co-operation
	The League in a Global Perspective—Consequences and Questions
	Notes
	References
Appendix: The Covenant of the League of Nations
Glossary of Names of Individuals Places and Newspapers
Bibliography
Index