Earthquake Source Mechanics

Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Foreword......Page 7
References......Page 8
Introduction......Page 9
Theory......Page 10
Post-failure Behavior of San Marcos Gabbro......Page 12
Evaluation of G as a Function of Normal Stress from postfailure Data of Triaxial-Tests......Page 13
Bounds on G for Stick-slip Instabilities in Westerly Granite......Page 15
Comparison with SeismologicallY Inferred Valuses of G......Page 17
References......Page 18
Introduction......Page 20
Experimental Method......Page 21
Experimental Results......Page 22
Dynamic Breakdown and Sliding Processes......Page 24
High-Frequency Elastic Radiation......Page 25
Discussion......Page 28
References......Page 30
Introduction......Page 32
State Variable Friction Models......Page 33
Data and Analysis......Page 37
Results......Page 39
Discussion and Summary......Page 40
References......Page 41
Constitutive Law for Faulting......Page 43
Conditions for Slip Instability......Page 44
Numerical Model......Page 46
Results......Page 47
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 49
References......Page 52
Introduction......Page 54
General Slip Behaviors......Page 55
Pressure Dependence of Shear Resistance......Page 56
Velocity Dependenceo f Steady-State Friction......Page 57
Microscopic Observations......Page 59
Recrystallized Grains and Foliation......Page 60
Origin of Foliation......Page 61
Localization of Deformation......Page 62
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 63
References......Page 67
Introduction......Page 69
Examples......Page 71
Appendix......Page 73
References......Page 74
Introduction......Page 75
The Modeling Procedure......Page 76
Slip Zone Progression in a Fault Segment Co ntaininag Creep Zone......Page 82
Concluding Discussion......Page 83
References......Page 84
Introduction......Page 85
Shear Stress on the Fault Plane......Page 87
Pore Fluid Pressure......Page 90
References......Page 92
Pulse Shapes Due to Asperity Failure on Infinite and Finite Faults......Page 94
Comparisono f the Seismic Momentsa ndCorner Frequencies for the Two Models......Page 96
References......Page 99
Introduction......Page 100
Distributions of Stress and Strength......Page 101
Calculation of Dynamic Rupture Growth......Page 102
Characteristics of the Rupture Process......Page 103
Radiated Waveforms and rms Spectra......Page 107
Radiated Energy......Page 109
References......Page 111
Introduction......Page 113
Problem Statement......Page 114
Coordinate Transformation......Page 115
Radiated Fields......Page 117
Particle Velocity at the Free Surface......Page 121
References......Page 122
Near-field and far-field......Page 123
A Homogeneous Half Space Model......Page 124
Asymptotic Seismograms In General Heterogeneous Media......Page 125
Example Of Synthetics For A Comple Medium......Page 130
Conclusion......Page 131
References......Page 132
Evidence for Depth Extent of Seismic Rupture......Page 133
Indications of Deep Fault Slip......Page 134
Main-Even Focal and Depth Extent of Aftershock Zones......Page 135
Focal Depth Data......Page 136
Fault Strength Model......Page 138
Influence of Fault Strength on Depth of Rupture......Page 139
Shallow Rupture Hypothesls......Page 141
Deep Rupture Hypothesis......Page 142
Both Hypotheses as Potential Source Mechanisms......Page 143
References......Page 144
Observations of the Topography of Fractures......Page 148
The Micro-to Macro-Scale......Page 149
Scaling of Roughness and the Size Distribution of Asperities......Page 150
Friction Scaling in slip-Weakening Models......Page 151
Asperity and Barrier Models and the Generation of High Frequency Strong Ground Motions......Page 152
References......Page 155
Brittle Infrastructure of Fault Zones......Page 157
Discontinuous Nature of PSS......Page 158
Longevity of Broad Infrastructure......Page 159
Dextral Ruptures within the San Andreas Fault System......Page 160
Summary of Rupture Behavior......Page 162
Fluid Pressures, Fault Stability, and Aftershock Distributions......Page 163
References......Page 165
Haiyuan Fault Zone......Page 168
Surface Faulting Associated With the 1920 Haiyuan Earthquake......Page 172
Summary......Page 178
References......Page 181
Introduction......Page 182
The Regular Occurrence of Great Earthquakes along The Nankai-Suruga Trough, and Activity in Recent Years......Page 183
The Complexity of the Assumed Focal Region of The "Tokai Earthquake"......Page 185
Case 1......Page 187
Case 2......Page 190
Case 3......Page 191
Case 4......Page 192
References......Page 193
Introduction......Page 194
Data......Page 195
Conversion from Magnitude to Slip......Page 197
Seismic Slip on the Calaveras Fault......Page 198
Comparison of Seismic and Geodetic Slip......Page 200
Conclusions......Page 204
References......Page 205
Data Set......Page 207
Scaling Relations......Page 208
Discussions......Page 210
A Single Line Fit......Page 211
Double-Line-Segment Fit......Page 212
References......Page 213
Introduction......Page 215
Scaling Analysis......Page 216
Discussion......Page 221
References......Page 222
2. Data......Page 224
3. Results......Page 225
4. Interpretation......Page 226
Appendix......Page 227
References......Page 230
Theoretical Models......Page 233
The Anza Telemetry Digital Array......Page 234
Preliminary Results for ¥ from Anza Data......Page 235
Preliminary Estimates of the Effect of Attenuation at Anza......Page 236
P-Wave Spectra......Page 237
Speculations on Very High Stress Drop Events......Page 238
References......Page 240
Earthquakes in the Valparaiso Area 1965-1985......Page 242
Mechanisms of Large Events M5.5 in the Period 1965-1985......Page 244
Historical Seismicity......Page 245
Preliminary Study of the March 3, 1985 Earthquake......Page 249
Discussion......Page 250
Conclusions......Page 252
References......Page 253
Data Selection......Page 254
Method to Find Event Spectra......Page 255
Method to Determine Source Parameters......Page 257
Results......Page 259
References......Page 261
Introduction......Page 263
Spectrum of the Simulated Event......Page 264
The Constraint......Page 265
Applications......Page 266
Appendix......Page 267
References......Page 268
Method......Page 269
Results......Page 270
Conclusions......Page 275
References......Page 276
Introduction......Page 278
An Example: Array Studies of a Hypothetical Parkfield Earthquake......Page 279
References......Page 288
Introduction......Page 290
The Strong-Motion Data......Page 292
Theory......Page 295
Model Performance......Page 297
Summary and Conclusions......Page 299
References......Page 301
Introduction......Page 303
Implication for Spectra of Small Earthquakes......Page 306
References......Page 309
Introduction......Page 311
Location and Instrumentation......Page 312
Data Analysis......Page 314
Discussion......Page 317
References......Page 321
THE EFFECTS OF ATTENUATION ON THE SCALING OF SOURCE PARAMETERSFOR EARTHQUAKES AT ANZA, CALIFORNIA......Page 322
Introduction......Page 324
Spectral Ratios......Page 325
References......Page 328
Maurice Ewing V Symposium Participants......Page 330
List of Reviewers
......Page 331