Dynamics of Violent Extremism in South Asia: Nexus between State Fragility and Extremism

Foreword
About This Book
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Tables
1 The Nexus Between State Fragility and Extremism in South Asia
	References
2 Differing Trajectories of Salafism in India and Pakistan: State Fragility, Identity and Violence
	Introduction
		State Fragility and Violence
	Salafism: An Introduction
	Salafism in India and Pakistan
		Shared History and Common Beliefs
		Tracing the Divergent Trajectories
	Reasons for Differences: Salafist Identity Formation
		Pakistan Under Siege
		Majority–Minority Dynamics
		Geopolitical Factors
	How State Fragility and Democratic Rights Can Play a Role in Preventing/Fomenting Violence—Hints for the Future
	Conclusion
	Note
	References
3 State Fragility and Violent Extremism in Bangladesh
	Introduction
	State Fragility and Bangladesh
	Ethnic Extremism
	Left-Wing Extremism
	Muslim Extremism
		Muslim Millat Bahini (MMB)
		Harkat-ul-Jihad Al Islami Bangladesh (HuJIB)
		Jamaatul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)
		Ansar Al Islam (AAI)
		Neo JMB
	State Fragility and Extremism in Bangladesh
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
4 State Fragility and Dynamism of Islamist Extremism in Bangladesh: Recruitment Strategies, Women and Prison Radicalization, and Future Trajectories
	Introduction
	State Fragility and Islamist Extremism
	The Arrival of IS and Al Qaeda in Bangladesh
	Use of Lethal Weapons
	Targeted Killing
		Some Worrying Trends
			Recruitment
	Women Radicalization
	Prison Radicalization
	Future Trajectories
	Conclusion
	References
5 State Fragility and Hindu Extremism in India: An Analysis of the Role of the Bharatiya Janata Party
	Introduction
		State Fragility and Extremism in India
	Part One—Hindutva in Indian Political Discourse
		Hindutva’s Cultural Nationalism
		Hindutva and the Modi/BJP Election Campaign
		Politics of Cow Protection
		Love Jihad
		Ghar Wapsi
	Part Two—Hindutva and the 2019 Elections
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
6 Fragile State Policy and the Rise of Muslim Extremism in Sri Lanka
	Introduction
	General Remarks on the Sri Lankan Muslims or Moor
	Sinhala-Buddhist Violent Mobilization Against Muslims
	State Fragility and the Emergence of Extremism Among Sri Lankan Muslims
	Decline of Muslims’ Trust in the Sri Lankan Government
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
7 Fragile Peace, Violent Extremism, and Feminist Solutions in Nepal
	Introduction
	Feminist Understanding of Violence: ‘Matrices of Domination’ and ‘Continua of Violence’
	State Fragility and the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal
		Poverty and Inequality
		Inequality among Social Groups
		Are Grievances Enough to Start the Insurgency?
		Political Mobilization of Grievances
		State Repression
	Is Violent Extremism a Possibility in Nepal?
		Natural Hazard-Related Disasters and Conflict Nexus
		Intersectionality and Positive Peace
		Democratic Restructuring of State & Peacebuilding: Stagnation and Frustration
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
8 State Fragility, Violent Extremism, and Future of Afghanistan
	Introduction
	Defining State Fragility
	State Fragility in Afghanistan
	Taliban Take Over Afghanistan
	Future of Afghanistan
	Conclusion
	References
9 State Fragility and the Challenge of Violent Extremism in Pakistan
	Introduction
	State Fragility and VE in Pakistan
	Terrain of VE in Pakistan
	Pakistan’s State Fragility and PCVE Measures
	Hard Measures
	Soft Measures
	How State Fragility Has Impacted VE in Pakistan?
	Conclusion
	References
Index