Dynamics of Japan’s Trade and Industrial Policy in the Post Rapid Growth Era (1980–2000) (Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific)

Preface
Contents
1 Introduction: Overview
	1 The Mission of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)
	2 The Keynotes of Industrial Policy
		2.1 The Organizational Reform of 1973
		2.2 Toward a Shift in Industrial Policy
		2.3 Emphasis on Free Trade and Deregulation
		2.4 Seeking Another Conceptual Shift at the End of the Century
	Appendix to the Introduction
		The “New Policy” Formulation Process
2 Japan’s Industrial Structure: Forced to Change (1973–1982)
	1 The Evolution of Japan’s Trade and Industrial Policy in the 1970s
		1.1 Pursuing the Shift to a “Knowledge-Intensive” Industrial Structure
		1.2 The Turbulent 1970s: The Nixon Shock and the Oil Crisis
		1.3 Policies on Industrial Structure in the 1970s
	2 The Vision of the 1970s and the Machinery and Information Industries
		2.1 Toward a Knowledge-Intensive Industrial Structure and Machinery and Information Industry Policy
		2.2 The Machinery Industry as a “Strategic Industry”
	3 Industrial Relocation and Pollution Regulation
		3.1 Promoting Industrial Relocation Plans
		3.2 Strengthening the Regulation of Pollution
		3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation
		3.4 Strengthening Policies on Industrial Safety
	4 The Challenge of Stable Energy Supplies and the Development of Industrial Technology
		4.1 The Two Basic Laws on Oil
		4.2 Electrical-Power Development and the Move Away from Oil
		4.3 The Energy Conservation Act
		4.4 Coal and Resources Policy
		4.5 Large-Scale Industrial Technology Development and the “Sunshine” and “Moonlight” Projects
	5 Policies to Address Structural Depression in Basic and Consumer Industries: The Large-Scale Retail Stores Law and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
		5.1 Policies on Industrial Structure Adjustment (The Industry Stabilization Law and the Law on the Structural Improvement of the Textile Industry)
		5.2 Measures to Modernize Distribution
		5.3 A New Emphasis on Quality of Life: Promotion of Consumer Protection and the Housing Industry
	6 Friction with Foreign Countries
		6.1 Trade Imbalances and Negotiations with Europe and America
		6.2 Simplifying Import Procedures and Maintaining the Export Order
3 The Global Responsibilities of an Economic Superpower (1981–1992)
	1 Keynotes of the Japanese Economy and Trade Policy in the 1980s
		1.1 Fiscal Restructuring and Stable Growth
		1.2 Publication of the 1980s Vision
		1.3 Yen Appreciation and International Contributions
		1.4 “The Basic Design of 21st-Century Industrial Society”
		1.5 Progress in Deregulation
	2 Economic Superpower Status and International Contributions: Responses to Economic Friction
		2.1 Export Adjustments—From Market-Oriented Sector-Specific (MOSS) Talks to the Structural Impediments Initiative (SII)
		2.2 Negotiations on Specific Issue Areas Across Many Sectors
		2.3 Liberalization of the Domestic Market and Deregulation
		2.4 Progress on the Uruguay Round Negotiations
		2.5 International Harmonization of Intellectual Property Rights
	3 Coordination of Industrial Policy and the Antimonopoly Act
		3.1 Coordination of Industrial Policy and the Antimonopoly Act
		3.2 Industrial Adjustment and Structural Improvement
		3.3 Basic Industries, Consumer Goods Industries, Coal Industry, and Others
	4 Promotion of Domestic Demand and the Vitality of the Private Sector
		4.1 Towards an Advanced Information Society
		4.2 The Challenge of Next-Generation Technology Development
		4.3 New Regional Development Policy
	5 Making Progress on Extrication from Dependence on Oil
		5.1 Policies Prioritizing the Stable Supply of Energy
		5.2 Pursuing Non-petroleum Power Supplies
4 Long-Term Depression and Economic Structural Reform (1991–2000)
	1 Keynotes of Japan’s Economy and Trade and Industry Policy in the 1990s
		1.1 The 1990 Trade and Industrial Policy Vision of the 1990s
	2 Changes in Economic Structure and Regulatory Reform
		2.1 The Revised Antimonopoly Act and the System of Business Laws
		2.2 Respect for Corporate Autonomy and the Role of Government
		2.3 Promoting Deregulation
		2.4 Abolition of the Large-Scale Retail Stores Law
		2.5 The End of the Textile Policy
		2.6 Revision of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Basic Law
	3 Pursuing Rules-Based Multilateral Coordination
		3.1 The Conclusion of the Uruguay Round and Launching of the WTO
		3.2 Regionalism and Japan
		3.3 Trade Friction and Multilateral Coordination
		3.4 Import Expansion and Market Opening
		3.5 Security Trade Controls and the Transformation of Policies on Exports
	4 Measures for an Affluent Society
		4.1 Promoting an Advanced Information and Telecommunications Society, IMS Programs, and the Home Health Care and Rehabilitation Equipment Industry
		4.2 Establishment of the Environment Law and Promotion of Recycling
		4.3 Industrial Location Policy and Promotion of Regions
		4.4 Harmonizing Energy Development and the Environment
		4.5 Technology Policy: A Shift in Emphasis from Basic Technology to Practical Applications
		4.6 New Trends in Pro-Patent Policy
5 Conclusion: The Emergence of a Twenty-First-Century Policy on the Economy and Industry
	1 Establishment of the Ministry on Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
		1.1 The Administrative Reform Council’s “Final Report”
		1.2 METI’s “Organization Plan”
	2 Trade and Industrial Policy at the Turn of the Century
		2.1 Policy Development in Anticipation of Organizational Reform
		2.2 Changing Policy Targets
		2.3 Policy Areas Focusing on New Issues
	3 Conclusion
References