Drones And The Law: International Responses To Rapid Drone Proliferation

Cover
Drones and the Law
Drones and the Law: International Responses to Rapid Drone Proliferation
Copyright
Table of Contents
About the Author
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Historical Introduction and Technology Used in Drones
	1. Introduction
	2. Drones
		2.1 What Exactly Is a Drone?
		2.2 Origin of Term Drone
	3. Historical Background
		3.1 Inventor of Drone: Abraham Karem and Evolution of the Predator Drone
	4. Types of Drones
	5. Technology Used in Drones
		5.1 Technology Used in Surveillance Drones
			5.1.1 Rotors
			5.1.2 Optically Enhanced Imaging
			5.1.3 Synoptic Viewing
			5.1.4 Listening-in Capability
			5.1.5 Sense-Through-The-Walls—Imaging Radar
			5.1.6 Multi-sensor Data-fusion
			5.1.7 Facial Recognition Software
		5.2 Technology Used in Armed Drones
			Drone Control System Technology
	6. Technological Advantages of Drones
	7. Technological Constraints
	8. Conclusion
2. Legality of Drones under LOAC and International Law
	1. Introduction
	2. The Law of Armed Conflict
		2.1. What Is the Law of Armed Conflict?
			2.1.1 General Principles of the LOAC
			2.1.1.1 Distinction
			2.1.1.2 Proportionality
			2.1.1.3 Unnecessary Suffering
			2.1.1.4 Military Necessity
		2.2 Drones as Lawful Weapons
		2.3 Lawful Use of Drones under the LOAC
			2.3.1 Distinction
			2.3.2 Proportionality
			2.3.3 Taking Precautions
		2.4 Just War Theory
			2.4.1 Jus Ad Bellum
			2.4.2 Jus in Bello
	3. Self-defense Theory
	4. Geographical Location of Drone Strikes and LOAC
	5. Command Responsibility during Drone Operations
	6. Conclusion
3. Legal Justifications for the Drone Targeted Killing
	1. Introduction
	2. Historical Legal Background
		2.1 Pre-World War II
			Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Was Shot Down during World War II
		2.2 Post-World War II
	3. Factors behind Targeted Killing
	4. Definitions
		4.1 Targeted Killing
		4.2 Assassination
	5. Who Can Be Targeted under IHL?
	6. Justifications for Drone Targeted Killing in Modern Times
		6.1 Operational Justifications
			6.1.1 Intelligence
			6.1.1.1 Ground Intelligence
			6.1.1.2 Electronic Intelligence
			6.1.1.3 Drone
			6.1.2 Signature Strikes
			6.1.3 Consideration of Military Necessity
		6.2 Self-defense Justifications
			6.2.1 Self-defense Theory
			6.2.2 AUMF
			6.2.3 United Nation Charter
		6.3 Moral Justification for Targeted Killing
			6.3.1 Is There Armed Conflict?
			6.3.2 Moral Hazard
			6.3.3 Human Rights and IHL
		6.4 Justification for the Targeted Killing of US Citizen
	7. Conclusion
4. Point Forward to Drone Proliferation
	1. Introduction
	2. Definitions
	3. Military Drone Use in Disputed Borders and Applicable Law
		3.1 Use of Military Drone in Disputed Territory and Crisis
		3.2 Escalation of War
			Cheap Drones and Conflict Escalation
		3.3 Civilian Drones Use in Disputed Territories
	4. Violent Non-state Actors’ Drone Use: A Legitimate Concern
		4.1 Why Drones May Seem Attractive to Non-state Actors?
	5. Conclusion
5. Drone Privacy Laws: A Comparative of the US, UK, and India
	1. Introduction
		1.1 Challenges
		1.2 Domestic Drones
		1.3 Technology Used in Domestic Drones
	2. Drone Use in the US
		2.1 Drone Regulations
		2.2 Privacy Protection against the Use of Drones by US Government Agencies through Organizational Efforts
		2.3 Privacy Protection under the US Constitutional Law
		2.4 Privacy Protection under State Laws
			2.4.1 Government Use of Drones
			2.4.2 Civilian Use of Drones
		2.5 Use of Drone on Private Property by Individuals
			2.5.1 Privacy under Intrusion on Seclusion
			2.5.2 Privacy under Trespass Law
		2.6 Drone Data Protection
		2.7 Strong Points for Privacy Protection in the US
		2.8 Weak Points for Privacy Protection in the US
	3. Drone Use in the UK
		3.1 Drone Regulation in the UK
			The UK Drone Laws for Commercial Users
		3.2 Privacy Protection against the Use of Drones by the UK Government Agencies through Organizational Efforts
		3.3 Use of Drone on Private Property by Individuals
			3.3.1 Privacy under Intrusion upon Seclusion Law
			3.3.2 Privacy under trespass Law
		3.4 Drones Data Protection Laws
		3.5 Strong Points of the UK in Protection of Privacy
		3.6 Weak Points of the UK in Protection of Privacy
	4. Drone Use in India
		4.1 Drone Regulations in India
			General Drone Laws in India
		4.2 Privacy Protection against Drone Use by government Agencies
			4.2.1 Privacy Protection under the Indian Constitution Law
			4.2.2 Interception and Surveillance Laws
		4.3 Drones Use on Private Property by Individuals
			4.3.1 Privacy under Tort Law
		4.4 Data Protection Laws
		4.5 Strong Points of the India in Protection of Privacy
		4.6 Weak Points of the India in Protection of Privacy
		4.7 Comparison of US, UK, and Indian Laws
		4.8 Solution for the Privacy Laws Related to Drones
	5. Conclusion
Index