Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions in Finland

Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Executive Summary
	Main findings and key recommendations
1 Trust matters for public governance and more so for recovery
	The role of institutional trust in the Finnish administrative and political culture
	OECD approach for measuring public trust
		Why trust matters
		Understanding the drivers of institutional trust
		Measuring the drivers of trust
	Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on trust in government
		Communicating with people during the COVID-19 pandemic: What can be learnt for the future?
	References
	Notes
2 Finland, a high-performing and trusting society
	Trust is comparatively high
	Trust gaps among population groups and regions
	Economic performance and trust
	High-quality public services reinforce trust
	Results on the main factors influencing trust in institutions in Finland
	References
	Notes
3 Drivers of trust in government in Finland: Competence
	Responsiveness
		Reform of socio-health service provision
		Service design and delivery in the digital age
		Civil servants: Competence and innovation
		Opportunities for improvements
	Reliability
		Stability of the policy environment
		Foresight and risk management: What the COVID-19 crisis shows
		Public sector’s transformation to reinforce reliability and public trust in Finland
		Opportunities for improvements
	References
	Notes
4 Drivers of institutional trust in Finland: Values
	Openness
		Openness as the foundation of government actions
		The participation paradox: A high-trust society with low levels of political efficacy
		Enhancing people’s engagement: Towards more inclusive policy making
		Opportunities for improvements
	Integrity
		Public integrity is very high and perceived corruption low
		Lobbying could be rethought
		Opportunities for improvement
	Fairness
		Ensuring fairness in COVID-19 recovery measures
		Opportunities for improvements
	References
	Notes
Annex A. OECD Trust Survey implemented in Finland
Annex B. Econometric analyses