Doors to the Sacred: A Historical Introduction to Sacraments in the Catholic Church

Preface
IX
About the Author
xi
Introduction: History and Sacraments
xiii
PART ONE: A HISTORY OF SACRAMENTS
I.
Sacraments in All Religions
3
II.
The Beginnings of the Christian Sacraments
19
1. Israel and the Roman Empire
19
2. The Early Christian Community
23
3. The Patristic Period
27
4. The Sacramental Seal
32
5. Augustine and Afterward
40
III.
The Development of the Catholic Sacraments
47
1. Seven Liturgical Sacraments
48
2. Sign and Reality .
51
3. The Sacramental Character
56
4. Aritstotle, Aquinas, and the Sacraments
60
5. Legalism, Nominalism, and Magic
65
IV.
Catholic and Protestant Sacraments
77
1. Luther and the Protestant Reformation
80
2. Trent and the Catholic Counter-reformation
88
3. The Modern Centuries
94
V.
The Sacraments Today
103
1. Twentieth-Century Developments
104
2. Contemporary Sacramental Theology
109
3. Contemporary Sacramental Practices
125
PART TWO: HISTORIES OF THE SACRAMENTS
VI.
Baptism
143
1. Parallels and Precedents
143
2. Baptism and Christian Initiation
144
3. Baptism in the Middle Ages
156
4. Baptism in Modern Times
166
5. Baptism in Contemporary Catholicism
171
Vil. Confirmation
1. Parallels and Precedents
2. Receiving the Holy Spirit
3. From Consignation to Confirmation
4. Confirmation in Modern Times
5. Confirmation in the Contemporary Church
Vili. Eucharist
1. Parallels and Precedents
2. From the Last Supper to the Liturgy
3. The Mass and Eucharist in the Middle Ages
4. The Lord’s Supper and the Modern Mass
5. Liturgy and Eucharist in the Twentieth Century
IX. Reconciliation
1. Parallels and Precedents
2. Repentance and Reconciliation in Early Christianity
3. Confession and Penance in the Middle Ages
4. The Modern Sacrament of Penance
5. Sacramental Reconciliation in the Church Today
X. Anointing
1. Parallels and Precedents
2. Healing and Anointing in the Early Church
3. From Anointing the Sick to Anointing the Dying
4. The Modern Sacrament of Extreme Unction
5. Return to Anointing of the Sick
XL Marriage
1. Parallels and Precedents
2. Early Christian Marriage
3. From Secular to Ecclesiastical Marriage
4. Marriage in the Modern Church
5. Marriage in Contemporary Catholicism
XII. Ordination
1. Parallels and Precedents
2. Christian Ministries and Sacred Orders
3. Holy Orders in the Middle Ages
4. The Modern Catholic Priesthood
5. Ministries in the Church Today
Conclusion: Sacraments and the Future Index of Names and Topics